Evaluasi Mutu Bibit Kambing Peranakan Etawah di Kabupaten Manokwari

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan standar mutu bibit kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) melalui Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Nomor 73521-2015. Dalam SNI tersebut ditetapkan karakteristik kualitatif: pola warna bulu, kehadiran bulu rewos, ukuran kepala, profil muka, dan ukuran tanduk; serta karakteristik kuantitatif: tinggi pundak (cm), panjang badan (cm), lingkar dada (cm), panjang telinga (cm), dan lingkar skrotum (untuk yang jantan, satuan cm). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu bibit kambing PE pada wilayah padat ternak kambing PE di Kabupaten Manokwari (Kecamatan Prafi dan Masni). Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan purposive sampling terhadap 155 ekor kambing PE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi kambing PE di wilayah penelitian masih didominasi oleh kambing-kambing yang memiliki karakteristik kualitatif sesuai dengan SNI, yaitu pola warna bulu campuran putih hitam (43-63%), memiliki bulu rewos (70-100%), kepala relatif kecil (54-68%), profil muka cembung (75-90%), dan ukuran tanduk relatif kecil (42-86%). Sedangkan pada karakteristik kuantitatif, hanya sebagian saja yang sesuai (P>0,05) dengan SNI, yaitu panjang badan, lingkar dada, dan lingkar skrotum pada kelompok jantan dewasa (umur >18 – 24 bulan); lingkar dada dan lingkar skrotum pada pada kelompok jantan muda (umur >12 – 18 bulan); lingkar dada pada kelompok jantan cempe (umur 8 – 12 bulan); tinggi pundak, panjang badan, dan lingkar dada pada kelompok betina dewasa (umur >18 – 24 bulan); lingkar dada pada kelompok betina muda (umur >12 – 18 bulan); serta panjang badan dan lingkar dada pada kelompok betina cempe (umur 8 – 12 bulan). Kedepan, perlu upaya perbaikan mutu genetik kambing PE di wilayah penelitian melalui seleksi genetik secara periodik dan mencegah perkawinan kambing PE dengan bangsa kambing lain (cross breeding) agar seluruh karakteristik kualitatif maupun kuantitatifnya dapat memenuhi ketentuan SNI.

Kata kunci: Kambing PE, Mutu bibit, SNI.

 Evaluation of the Breed Quality of Etawah Crossbreed Goat in Manokwari Regency 

ABSTRACT. The Indonesian government has set the quality standard for Etawah crossbreed (PE) goat breeds through the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Number 73521-2015. The SNI stipulates qualitative characteristics: fur color pattern, presence of rewos fur, head size, facial profile, and horn size; and quantitative characteristics: shoulder height (cm), body length (cm), chest circumference (cm), ear length (cm), and scrotal circumference (for males, units cm). This study aims to evaluate the quality of PE goat seeds in densely populated PE goat livestock areas in Manokwari Regency (Prafi and Masni Districts). The method used was a survey with purposive sampling of 155 PE goats. The results of the study showed that the population of PE goats in the research area was still dominated by goats that had qualitative characteristics in accordance with SNI, namely a mixed white and black fur pattern (43-63%), having rewos fur (70-100%), relatively small head (54-68%), convex facial profile (75-90%), and relatively small horn size (42-86%). While in quantitative characteristics, only some were in accordance (P>0.05) with SNI, namely body length, chest circumference, and scrotal circumference in the adult male group (age>18-24 months); chest circumference and scrotal circumference in the young male group (age>12-18 months); chest circumference in the cempe male group (age 8-12 months); shoulder height, body length, and chest circumference in the adult female group (age>18-24 months); chest circumference in the young female group (age>12-18 months); and body length and chest circumference in the female cempe group (8-12 months old). In the future, efforts are needed to improve the genetic quality of PE goats in the research area through periodic genetic selection and preventing mating of PE goats with other goat breeds (cross breeding) so that all qualitative and quantitative characteristics can meet SNI requirements.