Karakterisasi Fenotipe Ayam Arab dan Lingnan di Populasi Tertutup Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Ayam Temanggung Jawa Tengah

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi fenotipe kualitatif dan kuantitatif Ayam Arab dan Lingnan di Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Ayam Temanggung. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 60 ekor Ayam Arab dan 70 ekor Ayam Lingnan jantan maupun betina, dengan  penentuan sampel secara  proportionate stratified random sampling. Data diambil pada observasi bagian-bagian dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh ayam, dan selanjutnya dianalisa secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan warna bulu Arab jantan dan betina secara berurutan didominasi warna putih kekuningan dan putih (kepala), lurik (badan), hitam dan lurik (ekor) serta shank dominan hitam dan abu-abu. Lingnan jantan dan betina secara berurutan didominasi warna coklat kemerahan dan coklat keemasan (kepala), coklat tua dan coklat muda (badan dan ekor), serta shank dominan putih dan kuning. Bentuk jengger dan pial kedua galur dominan single. Warna pial dominan lebih gelap dibandingkan warna jengger. Warna mata Ayam Arab dominan hitam kecoklatan dan Ayam Lingnan dominan hitam kekuningan. Analisis PCA menunjukkan karakteristik Ayam Arab dan Lingnan terbagi ke dalam kelompok yang berbeda. Hasil uji T-test menunjukkan ukuran tubuh ayam jantan pada kedua galur lebih besar (p<0,05) dibandingkan betina. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan karakteristik sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif ayam Arab dan Lingnan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu kriteria dasar untuk seleksi.

Kata kunci: Ayam lokal, kualitatif, kuantitatif, kriteria seleksi

Characterization of Arabic and Lingnan Chicken Phenotypes in a Closed Population of Chicken Breeding and Rearing Unit in Temanggung Central Java

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to describe the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Arabian and Lingnan chickens at the Temanggung Center of Breeding and Rearing in Central Java. A total of 60 male and 70 female Arabian and Lingnan chickens were selected at random using proportionate stratification. Data were gathered by observing and measuring the chicken's body parts, followed by descriptive statistical analysis. Male and female Arabian chickens' feather colors were discovered to be dominated by yellowish white and white (head), striated (body), black and striated (tail), and black and gray dominant shank.Lingnan males and females have reddish brown and golden brown heads, dark brown and light brown bodies and tails, and dominant white and yellow shanks. Both breeds have predominantly single-shaped combs and wattles. The dominant wattle has a darker color than the comb. Arabian chickens have brownish black eyes, whereas Lingnan chickens have yellowish black ones. The PCA analysis also revealed that the characteristics of Arabian and Lingnan chickens were classified into separate groups. Male chickens in both breeds had significantly larger body sizes (p<0.05) than females, according to T-test results. To summarize, the qualitative and quantitative trait differences between Arabian and Lingnan chickens can be used as a basic selection criterion.