The Scientific Authority in Islam: The Perspective of 'Abd al-Majīd as-Ṣaghīr

Moch. Ali Mutawakkil, J. Nabiel Aha Putra, Roma Wijaya

Abstract


The conflict between ulamā’ as holders of scientific authority and politicians as holders of political authority. Existing studies have been more focused on the realm of applying theory to read "social phenomena" and have had an impact in the neglect of research on theory and epistemology initiated by Islamic thinkers. This neglect has implications for the lack of disclosure of the uniqueness of a thought that can contribute to determining the renewal of thought in Islamic studies. 'Abd al-Majīd as-Ṣaghīr, in his book entitled Al-Fikr al-Uūlī wa Isykāliyyah as-Sulthah al-’Ilmiyyah fī al-Islām: Qirā’atu fī Nasy’ati ‘Ilm al-Uūl wa Maqāshidi asy-Syarī’ah introduces an idea of scientific authority in Islam that is free from political elements or certain biases that have been carried out by previous scholars. Research on this idea has never been disclosed. This study aims to reveal how as-Ṣaghīr’s perspective on scientific authority in Islam. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. This research shows that as-Ṣaghīr's idea of scientific authority in Islam has different characteristics from other scholars' ideas of authority; different from Weber's authority which relies on statutory regulations (legal), social order/tradition (traditional), and charisma; different from the persuasive authority of Khaled Aboe El Fadl, where the official legal authority comes from the state; This is different from Hannah Arendt's authority which involves argumentation and goes through a process of persuasion, because as-Ṣaghīr's scientific authority is independent and relies on the truth of scientific methodology, involving scientific methodology. This authority is held and controlled by people of science and ulamā', where they also carry out linguistic-based analysis, so that it has the characteristic that the voice and arguments come from the text, not persuasion from the authority holder.

 

Abstrak: Pertentangan antara otoritas ilmiah dan politik telah lama menjadi subjek wacana akademis. Namun, penelitian yang ada sering kali mengabaikan kontribusi signifikan para pemikir Islam terhadap ranah teori dan epistemologi. Pengabaian ini mengaburkan potensi pemikiran inovatif dalam kajian keislaman. ‘Abd al-Majīd as-Ṣaghīr dalam kitabnya yang berjudul Al-Fikr al-Uṣūlī wa Isykāliyyah as-Sulthah al-’Ilmiyyah fī al-Islām: Qirā’atu fī Nasy’ati ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl wa Maqāshidi asy-Syarī’ah mengenalkan gagasan baru otoritas ilmiah dalam Islam. Otoritas ini terhindar dari unsur-unsur politik maupun bias-bias tertentu yang telah dilakukan oleh para ulama terdahulu. Penelitian mengenai gagasan tersebut belum pernah diungkapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki perspektif as-Ṣaghīr tentang bentuk otoritas yang unik ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan content analysis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gagasan as-Ṣaghīr mengenai otoritas ilmiah dalam Islam memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan gagasan otoritas sarjana lain. Berbeda dengan otoritas Weber yang bertumpu pada peraturan perundang-undangan (legal), tatanan sosial/tradisi (tradisional), dan karisma atau otoritas persuasif Khaled Aboe El Fadl yang dikaitkan dengan otoritas hukum yang disahkan negara, atau otoritas Hannah Arendt yang mengandalkan argumentasi dan persuasi. Otoritas ilmiah as-Ṣaghīr bersifat independen dan bertumpu pada kebenaran metodologi ilmiah. Otoritas ini dipegang dan dikendalikan oleh manusia ilmu dan para ulamā’, dimana mereka juga melakukan analisis berbasis linguistik, sehingga memiliki sifat bahwa suara dan argumentasi berasal dari teks, bukan memaksakan interpretasi mereka sendiri.

 


Keywords


Scientific; Authority; Ulama

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v48i2.32863

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