Dynamicizing the Discourse of Hadith: Study of HR. Bukhārī No. 1291 and Abū Dāwūd No. 4291 from a Philosophical Hermeneutics Perspective

Fachruli Isra Rukmana; Aldi Hidayat; Nur Laili Nabilah Nazahah Najiyah; Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid; Sri Kurniati Yuzar

doi:10.24014/an-nida.v48i2.32328

Dynamicizing the Discourse of Hadith: Study of HR. Bukhārī No. 1291 and Abū Dāwūd No. 4291 from a Philosophical Hermeneutics Perspective

Fachruli Isra Rukmana, Aldi Hidayat, Nur Laili Nabilah Nazahah Najiyah, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid, Sri Kurniati Yuzar

Abstract

Hadith studies have experienced stagnation compared to Qur’anic studies, which continue to develop with various new ideas. This stagnation is caused by the dominance of sanad analysis, debates over the status of hadith as a secondary source in Islam, and the use of certain hadiths to reject reform. One of the hadiths often cited to oppose renewal is the prohibition against lying about the Prophet Muhammad, as narrated by al-Bukhārī. This study aims to re-examine the hadith prohibiting fabricating statements about the Prophet and the hadith on renewal (tajdīd) using the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. This approach emphasizes the concepts of fusion of horizons and effective historical consciousness to revitalize hadith studies in the modern context. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach. The analysis focuses on two key hadiths: the prohibition against lying about the Prophet Muhammad (HR. al-Bukhārī No. 1291) and the hadith on tajdīd (HR. Abū Dāwūd No. 4291). The study presents two main conclusions. First, the stagnation in hadith studies results from rigid traditionalism, where hadith is primarily treated as a theological doctrine rather than an epistemological paradigm. Second, classical and modern hadith sciences have yet to fully ensure the authenticity of hadith texts exactly as intended by the Prophet. However, the prohibition against fabricating hadith implicitly demands the purification of hadith from additional narrators’ insertions. Thus, this article proposes originalization as an implicit message of HR. al-Bukhārī and an application of the tajdīd hadith from Abū Dāwūd. Originalization is expected to open new discussions in hadith studies, such as hadith revisionism, the phenomenology of memory, and the archaeology and anthropology of narrators.

Abstrak: Studi hadis mengalami stagnasi jika dibandingkan dengan studi Al-Qur’an yang terus berkembang dengan berbagai gagasan baru. Stagnasi ini disebabkan oleh dominasi kajian sanad, perdebatan mengenai kedudukan hadis sebagai sumber sekunder dalam Islam, serta penggunaan hadis tertentu untuk menolak pembaruan. Salah satu hadis yang sering dijadikan dasar untuk menolak pembaruan adalah larangan berbohong atas nama Nabi Muhammad, sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhārī. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kembali hadis larangan berdusta atas nama Nabi dan hadis tentang pembaruan (tajdīd) dengan menggunakan perspektif hermeneutika filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer. Pendekatan ini menekankan konsep fusion of horizons (penggabungan cakrawala) dan effective historical consciousness (kesadaran historis yang efektif) untuk mendinamisasi kajian hadis dalam konteks modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap dua hadis utama: larangan berdusta atas nama Nabi Muhammad (HR. al-Bukhārī No. 1291) dan hadis tentang tajdīd (HR. Abū Dāwūd No. 4291). Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan utama: Pertama, stagnasi kajian hadis disebabkan tradisionalisme yang kaku dan cenderung selalu digunakan sebagai doktrin teologis bukan sebagai paradigma epistemologi. Kedua, ilmu hadis klasik dan modern belum mampu menjamin keaslian matan sepersis yang dikehendaki Nabi padahal larangan memalsukan hadis secara tersirat menuntut sterilisasi hadis dari redaksi tambahan perawi. Karena itu, artikel ini mengajukan orisinalisasi sebagai panggilan tersirat HR. Bukhari sekaligus pengamalan atas hadis tajdīd riwayat Abū Dāwūd. Orisinalisasi nantinya akan membuka wacana baru hadis, seperti revisionism hadis, fenomenologi ingatan, arkeologi dan antropologi perawi, dan lain-lain.

Keywords

Hadith; Hans-Georg Gadamer; Hermeneutics; Revisionist; Reinterpretation.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ad-Damsyiqi, Ibnu Hamzah al-Husaini al-Hanafi. Asbabul Wurud: Latar Belakang Historis Timbulnya Hadits-Hadits Rasul Jilid 3. 1st ed. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2002.

Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah: Baina Ahl-Fiqh Wa Ahl-Hadits (Studi Kritik Atas Hadis Nabi: Antara Pemahaman Tekstual Dan Kontekstual). Translated by Muhammad Al-Baqir. 6th ed. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1998.

Al-Ju’fi, Abu ’Abdillah Muhammad bin Isma’il Al-Bukhari. Shahih Bukhari. Edited by Musthofa Dibb al-Bagha. Vol. 1. Damaskus: Dar Ibnu Katsir, 1993.

Alma’arif. “Hermeneutika Hadis Ala Fazlur Rahman.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 16, no. 2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2015.1602-06.

Al-Mubārakfūrī, Ṣafiy al-Raḥmān. Al-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm: Baḥṡ Fī al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah ’alā Ṣāḥibihā Afḍal al-Ṣalāh Wa al-Salām. Qatar: Dār al-Awqāf wa al-Syu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah, 2007.

Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Kaifa Nata’āmal Ma’a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah (Bagaimana Memahami Hadis Nabi Saw. Translated by Muhammad Al-Baqir. Bandung: Penerbit Karisma, 1993.

Alrahawan, Mohammad Said. “Brevity in Ḥadīth Texts: Dating of Short and Long Versions of Ḥadīth Based on Lapidation.” Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i1.225.

Al-Sijistani, Abu Dawud Sulaiman bin Al-’Asy’ats AL-Azdi. Sunan Abu Dawud Jilid 6 Tahqiq Syu’aib Al-Arnauth. Beirut: Daar Al-Risalah Al-’Alamiyah, 2009.

Al-Syīrāzī, Abū Iṣḥāq Ibrāhīm. Al-Luma’ Fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Surabaya: al-Hidāyah, n.d.

An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. Dekonstruksi Syari’ah: Wacana Kebebasan Sipil, Hak Asasi Manusia, Dan Hubungan Internasional Dalam Islam. 2nd ed. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2016.

’Asakir, Aabu Al-Qosim ’Ali bin Al-Hasan bin Hubbatillah Al-Ma’ruf bi Ibnu. Tubayyin Kadzib Al-Muftaro Fii Maa Nasab Ila Al-’Asy’ari. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-’Arabi, 1404.

As-Sa’adat, Mujahid Al-Din Abu. Jami’ al-Ushul Fi Ahadis-Rasul Jilid 11 Tahqiq ’Abd Al-Qodir Al-Arnaut. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1431.

Bilen, Osman. The Historicity of Understanding and the Problem of Relativism in Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics. Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series I, Culture and Values. Vol. 27, 2001.

Brown, Daniel W. Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Brown, Jonathan A.C. Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. England: Oneworld Publications, 2009.

Budiyanto, Tenda. “Hermeneutika Hadist: Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal.” Khulasah: Islamic Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.55656/kisj.v2i1.28.

Cuff, S. “Affected History: The Truth of Gadamer and Methods in New Testament Hermeneutics.” Hermeneia, no. 23 (2019)

Darmawan, Dadang. “Kajian Hermeneutika Terhadap Fenomena Dan Teks Agama (Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis Nabi).” Jurnal Holistic Al-Hadis 2, no. 1 (2016).

Dominic, Obielosi, and Ani Donpedro. “Gadamer’s Hermeneutics and Its Relevance to Biblical Interpretation.” PREORC Journal of Arts and Humanities 2, no. 1 (2020)

Ermawati. “Paradigma Pemahaman Hadis (Studi Pemahaman Hadis Berdasarkan Bentuk Matan).” Rausyan Fikr 17, no. 1 (2021).

Fadl, Khaled Abou El. Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. London: Oneworld Publications, 2001.

Fehrer, Istvan M. “On the Hermeneutic Understanding of Language: Word, Conversation, and Subject Matter.” In Language Adn Linguisticality in Gadamer’s Hermeneutics, edited by Lawrence K Schmidt. Maryland: Lexington Books, 2000.

Ford, Martin. “Gadamer’s Transformation of Hermeneutics: From Dilthey to Heidegger.” Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario, 2006.

Foucault, Michel. “The Subject and Power.” Chicago Journals 10, no. 4 (2014).

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Philosophical Hermeneutics. Berkeley, Los Angeles dan London: University of California Press, 1977.

———. “Text and Interpretation.” In Hermeneutics and Modern Philosophy, edited by B.R. Wachterhauser. New York: Albany State University of New York Press, 1986.

———. Truth and Method. Revised Ed. London and New York: Continuum, 2004.

Gibson, Christopher. “Gadamer and the Universality of Hermeneutical Reflection.” Ithaque, 2017

Gill, Scherto. “‘Holding Oneself Open in a Conversation’ – Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics and the Ethics of Dialogue.” Journal of Dialogue Studies 3, no. 1 (2015): 9–28. https://doi.org/10.55207/vjbp8043.

Hauqola, N. Kholis. “Hermeneutika Hadis: Upaya Memecah Kebekuan Teks.” Teologia 24, no. 1 (2013).

Huda, Nur, Nur Hamid, and Muhammad Khoirul Misbah. “Konsep Wasathiyyah M. Quraish Shihab Dalam Tafsir Al-Misbah (Analisis Hermeneutika Hans-Georg Gadamer).” International Journal Ihya’ ’Ulum Al-Din 22, no. 2 (2020).

Jābirī, Muḥammad ’Ābid al-. Bunyat Al-’Aql al-’Arabī: Dirāsah Taḥlīliyyah Naqdiyyah Li Nuẓum al-Ma’rifah Fī al-Ṡaqāfah al-’Arabiyyah. Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-’Arabiyyah, 2009.

Karim, Abdul. “Pergulatan Hadis Di Era Modern.” Riwayah: Jurnal Studi Hadis 3, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.21043/riwayah.v3i2.3720.

Katsir, Abu Al-Fida’ Ismail Binf. Al-Bidayah Wa An-Nihayah Jilid 17. Beirut: Dar Ibnu Katsir, 1445.

Kau, Sofyan A.P. “Hermeneutika Gadamer Dan Relevansinya Dengan Tafsir.” Jurnal Farabi 11, no. 2 (2014).

Knotts, Matthew W. “Readers, Texts, and the Fusion of Horizons: Theology and Gadamer’s Hermeneutics.” Auc Theologica 4, no. 2 (2014): 233–46. https://doi.org/10.14712/23363398.2015.6.

Krahn, Ryan David Tyler. “Gadamer’s Fusion of Horizons and Intercultural Interpretation.” The University of Guelph, 2009.

Leiviskä, Anniina. Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics in the Philosophy of Education: Beyond Modernism and Postmodernism. Studies in Educational Sciences, 2016.

Londok, Halomoan Alfian. “Kontribusi Hermeneutik Hans-Georg Gadamer Bagi Dialog Antaragama Di Indonesia.” Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat 13, no. 2 (2022).

Moran, Dermot. “Gadamer and Husserl on Horizon, Intersubjectivity and the Life-World.” In Gadamer’s Hermeneutics and the Art of Conversation, edited by Andrzej Wiercinski, 2:73–94. Berlin: Transanction Publishers, 2011.

Mukalam, and Siti Murtiningsih. “Hermeneutika Filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer Sebagai Basis Ontologis Multikulturalisme.” Sosiohumaniora: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 7, no. 1 (2021).

Nirwana, Dzikri. “Diskursus Studi Hadis Dalam Wacana Islam Kontemporer.” Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 13, no. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v13i2.397.

Nuruddin, Muhamad. “Pengaruh Pemikiran Ibn Qayyim Di Bidang Hadis Terhadap Budaya Berfikir Rasional Umat Islam Di Masa Modern.” Riwayah: Jurnal Studi Hadis 3, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21043/riwayah.v3i2.3705.

Okonkwo, Basil Amarachi. “Hermeneutics in Gadamer the Quest for Understanding In.” Amamihe: Journal of Applied Philosopohy 21, no. 3 (2023): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33587.09768.

Pelton, Sarah. “The Concept of Universality in Gadamer’s Theory of Hermeneutics.” McMaster University, 2005.

Pertierra, Iñaki Xavier Larrauri. “On Gadamerian Hermeneutics: Fusions of Horizons, Dialogue, and Evolution(s) within Culture as Dynamic System of Meaning.” Eidos: A Journal for Philosophy of Culture 4, no. 4 (2020): 45–62. https://doi.org/10.14394/eidos.jpc.2020.0040.

Posangi, Said Subhan. “Dialog Antara Teks, Pengarang Dan Pembaca (Kajian Terhadap Relevansi Hermeneutika Gadamer Dalam Studi Hukum Islam).” Al-Himayah 4, no. 1 (2020).

Rahman, Fazlur. Islam & Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Rahmatullah, Lutfi. “Eksistensi Sunnah Pada Era Modern Ditengah Pergulatan ‘Otoritas Religius’ Di Wilayah Mesir Pakistan (Studi Atas Pemikiran Daniel W Brown).” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 18, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2017.1801-05.

Regan, Paul. “Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics: Concepts of Reading, Understanding and Interpretation.” Meta: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy 4, no. 2 (2012)

Rozikin, Muhamad Ali. “Hermeneutika Sebagai Metode Dan Teori Menafsirkan Hadis.” Universum: Jurnal KeIslaman Dan Kebudayaan 16, no. 2 (2022).

Rukmana, Fachruli Isra. “Dekonstruksi Makna Bencana Alam Dalam Hadis: Studi Perspektif Jacques Derrida.” Thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2024. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/68613/.

Rusli, Muhammad, and Nazar Husain HPW. “Problematika Dan Solusi Masa Depan Hadis Dan Ulumul Hadis.” Al-Fikr 17, no. 1 (2013).

Sammel, Ali. “An Invitation to Dialogue: Gadamer, Hermeneutic Phenomenology, and Critical Environmental Education.” Canadian Journal of Environmental Education (CJEE) 8 (2003)

Shaikh, Ameer U. “The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought.” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21, no. 1 (n.d.).

Silalahi, Artha Debora. “Some Debates of Hermeneutic and Legal Interpretation: Critical Analysis of Hans-Georg Gadamer Philosophical Hermeneutics.” Mimbar Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 3, no. 1 (2024)

Siswanto, Cecep Tedi. “Hermeneutik Sebagai Jembatan Memahami Kitab Suci Dan Menemukan Hukum Baru.” Cakrawala Hukum 12, no. 2 (2016).

Suryani, Suryani. “Urgensi Hermeneutika Sebagai Metode Dalam Pemahaman Hadis.” Al Quds: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis 6, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v6i2.4086.

Syamsuddin, Sahiron. Hermeneutika Dan Pengembangan Ulumul Qur’an: Edisi Revisi Dan Perluasan. Yogyakarta: Pesantren Nawesea Press, 2017.

Syarifudin, Muhammad, and Masruhan. “Interpretasi Hadis: Antara Hermeneutika Dan Syarh Al-Hadits (Studi Komparatif).” TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 20, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30631/tjd.v20i2.171.

Taufikin. “Hermeneutic Of Pesantren With The ‘Fusion Of Horizons’ Gadamer’s Theory.” Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education 1, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v1i1.1335.

Thaha, Mahmud Muhammad. Arus Balik Syariah. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2003.

Thahir, Lukman S., and Darlis Dawing. “Telaah Hermeneutika Hans-Georg Gadamer; Menuju Pendekatan Integratif Dalam Studi Islam.” Rausyan Fikr 17, no. 2 (2021).

Wahid, Abdurrahman. Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita: Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2007.

Wardani, Rima Khamila, Hartati, and Anisatun Muthi’ah. “Hadis Innamā Buʻiṡtu Liutammima Makārim Al-Akhlāq Perspektif Hermeneutika Historis Dilthey.” Jurnal Studi Hadis Nusantara 4, no. 1 (2022).

Weberman, David. “Gadamer’s Hermeneutics, Non-Intentionalism and the Underdeterminedness of Aesthetic Properties.” O Que Nos Faz Pensar 18 (2004)

Wijaya, Aksin. Arah Baru Studi Ulumul Qur’an: Memburu Pesan Tuhan Di Balik Fenomena Budaya. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2020.

Yahya, Agusni. “Pendekatan Hermeneutik Dalam Pemahaman Hadis (Kajian Kitab Fath al-Bari Karya Ibn Hajar Al-’Asqalani).” Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (2014).

Zaid, Nasr Hamid Abu. Reformation of Islamic Thought: A Critical Historical Analysis. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006.

Zubair, Maimun. Al-’Ulamā’ al-Mujaddidūn Wa Majāl Tajdīdihim Wa Ijtihādihim. Rembang: al-Maktabah al-Anwāriyyah, n.d.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/an-nida.v48i2.32328