A Review Of Islamic Criminal Law On The Crime Of Military Desertion

Meisarah Tri Anjani, Iwan Iwan

Abstract


Desertion is one of the most common military cases tried in Indonesian military courts. So that this has a negative impact, both on the military unit, society, and the state. The increase in desertion cases raises a perspective that the positive law governing criminal sanctions for desertion does not have a deterrent effect or preventive effect on military personnel. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine military desertion in the perspective of Islamic criminal law with a focus on the form of desertion crime, its causative factors, and criminal sanctions. This research uses a normative research method (legal research) with a comparative approach. The results of this study indicate that desertion in positive law is a pure criminal offense things only military personnel have the ability of committing. Whereas in Islamic criminal law, desertion can apply to all believers, unless there is an excuse that makes it not obliged to jihad. The criminal sanction for desertion in positive law is in the form of imprisonment and can also be coupled with punishment in the form of dismissal from military service. While in Islamic criminal law, the criminal sanction is in the form of ta'zir punishment in the form of social sanctions, such as perpetrators who run away from the battlefield are prohibited from talking to all Muslims for fifty days. Based on several opinions of fiqh scholars, ta'zir punishment aims to dissuade the offender and prevent the occurrence of a prohibited act.


Keywords


Desertion; Islamic Criminal Law; Military.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdurrahman, Abu Abdullah. 50 Tanda Orang Munafik. Jakarta: CENDEKIA Sentra Muslim, 2006.

Al-Asqalani, Ibnu Hajar. Fathul Baari Jilid 34. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2012.

Al-Asqalany., Imam Al-Hafidz ibnu Hajar. Bulughul Maram. Terj. Lutfi Arif, Aditya Warman, Dan Fakhruddin. Jakarta: Noura, 2018.

Al-Bukhari. Sahih Al-Bukhari. Terj. Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Riyadh: DARUSSALAM, 1997.

Al-Buthi, Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan. SIRAH NABAWIYAH: Analisis Ilmiah Manhajiah Sejarah Pergerakan Islam Di Masa Rasulullah Saw. Terj. Aunur Rafiq Shaleh Tahmid. Jakarta: Robbani Press, 1999.

Al-Huwaithi, Sayyid bin Ibrahim. Kumpulan Hadis Arba’in an-Nawawi Jilid II. Mesir: Markaz Fajr Lith-Thiba’ah, 2003.

Al-Mahally, Imam Jalaluddin. Tafsir Jalalain Jilid 1. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algesindo, 2018.

Al-Mubarakfuri, Shafiyurrahman. Ar-Rahiq Al-Makhtum. Terj. Faris Khairul Anam. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2014.

———. Fase Perang Uhud. Terj. Umar Mujtahid. Jakarta: Ummul Qura, 2022.

Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqih Jihad: Sebuah Karya Monumental Terlengkap Tentang Jihad Menurut Al-Qur’an Dan Sunnah. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama, 2009.

Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 2007.

An-Nawawi, Imam. Al-Majmu’ Syarah Al Muhadzdzab Jilid 28. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 1997.

Bimo, Edwin Shri. “Tentara Korea Utara Berseragam Rusia Menuju Ukraina, Kasus Desersi Militer Ukraina Melonjak.” Accessed November 21, 2024. https://www.kompas.tv/internasional/549936/tentara-korea-utara-berseragam-rusia-menuju-ukraina-kasus-desersi-militer-ukraina-melonjak.

Darlis, Andi Muhammad. Terminologi Militer. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2021.

Daulay, Haidar Putra, and Nurussakinah Daulay. Pembentukan Akhlak Mulia: Tinjauan Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Psikologi Positif. Medan: Perdana Publishing, 2022.

Djalaluddin, Muhammad Mawardi, Bulqia Mas’ud, Dedy Sumardi, Isnawardatul Bararah, and Kamus Kamus. “The Implementation of Ta’zīr Punishment as an Educational Reinforcement in Islamic Law.” Samarah 7, no. 1 (2023): 399–417. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.15101.

Fauzan. “Alternatives to Criminal Conviction in a Comparative Analysis of Positive Law and Islamic Criminal Law.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2022): 183–202. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.4308.

Hadipta, Anak Agung Ngurah, Sujono, and Bambang Widarto. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Desersi Dalam Waktu Damai Oleh Anggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara 15, no. 1 (2024): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.35968/jihd.v15i1.1376.

Hadras, Muhammad. Peran Psikologi Dalam Bidang Militer Dan Menjaga Keutuhan Negara Keutuhan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 2023.

Hanafi, Muhamad Irsyad, Lutvi Dafina Damayanti, Indah Nazulfa, and Article Information. “Penerapan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Implementation of Community Participation in the Formation of Legislation.” Contitution Journal, 2024, 193–210.

Haq, Islamul. “Prison in Review of Islamic Criminal Law: Between Human and Deterrent Effects.” Samarah 4, no. 1 (2020): 132–50. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6683.

Hassan, Takiruddin Haji. Pemerintahan Kerajaan Bani Umayyah. Malaysia: Perniagaan Jahabersa, 2012.

Hazm, Al-Imam Ibnu. Al-Muhalla Jilid 8. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2007.

Hecta, Junior, Imam Munajat Nurhartonosuro, and Muhadi Muhadi. “Peran TNI AL Dalam Penegakan Hukum Di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 8, no. 2 (2024): 32084–91.

Husna, Nihayatul. “‘Janji Dan Sumpah: Kajian Tematik Tafsir Al-Munir A.S. An-Nahl:91 Karya Wahbah Zuhaili.’” Jurnal Kajian Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 2, no. 2 (2022): 12–22. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.33507/el-mujam.v2i2.1020.

Indonesia, Mahkamah Agung Republik. “Putusan Mahkamah Agung Noor 3-K/PM.I-02/AD/I/2024 Tentang Desersi,” 2024.

Katsir, Ibnu. Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 2, Tahqiq Oleh Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Abdurrahman Bin Ishaq Al-Shaleh. Jakarta: Tafsir Qur’an, 2008.

Luthfi, Richwan, Jubair, and Hamdan Hi.Rampadio. “KAJIAN TERHADAP DESERSI DALAM HUKUM PIDANA MILITER (Studi Pada DENPOM XIII/2 Palu).” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Legal Opinion 12, no. 1 (2024): 33–46.

Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020.

Muhammad Ilhamsyah. “Siege of Vienna: Awal Kemunduran Dominasi Turki Utsmani Di Eropa.” Accessed April 29, 2025. https://kumparan.com/muhammad-ilhamsyah-1710236477974406309/siege-of-vienna-awal-kemunduran-dominasi-turki-utsmani-di-eropa-22TfWbnyemi/full.

Muhammad, Syamsuddin. Dosa-Dosa Besar. Solo: Pustaka Arafah, 2007.

Mujibburahman, S. A. E. “Catatan Atas Anggaran Belanja Kementerian Pertahanan.” Budget Issue Brief Politik Dan Keamanan 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–2.

Munajat. “Religion and Nationalism in Shaping the Fiqh of Armed Jihad: A Lesson to the Indonesian National Counterterrorism Policy.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (2022): 311–34. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i2.26130.

Mustain. “Makna Khullifu Dalam Al-Qur’an Surah At-Taubah Ayat 117-119 Dan Relevansi Terhadap Rekonstruksi Boikot (Studi Kisah Rasulullah Shallalahu ’Alaihi Wassalam Dan Ka’ab Bin Malik).” Khulasah Islamic Studies Journal 06, no. 1 (2024): 110–25.

Mys. “Kasus Desersi Dan Susila Banyak Menjerat Prajurit.” Accessed November 14, 2024. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/kasus-desersi-dan-susila-banyak-menjerat-prajurit-lt4fa20bdf8e6d6/.

Nawawi, Muhyiddin Yahya bin Syaraf. Hadits Arba’in Nawawiyah. Riyadh: Islamic Propagation Office in Rabwah, 2006.

Novitasari, Andriani Wahyuningtyas. “Refleksi Kedaulatan Negara Dalam Penegakan Hukum Sumber Daya Alam Hayati Di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif.” Jurnal Konstitusi 17, no. 4 (2021): 919–38. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk17410.

Palmer, Alan Warwick. The Decline and Fall of The Ottoman Empire. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994.

Pemerintah Indonesia. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Militer (KUHPM) No. 39 Tahun 1947. Jakarta: Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia, 2014.

Putra, Ika, Mario Rachman Heryawan, Aulia Rukmana, Muhammad Rifqi, and Supriyono. “Upaya Mempertahankan Sikap Patriotisme Dan Nasionalisme Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Untuk Generasi Milenial Dalam Revolusi 4.0.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, Januari 9, no. 1 (2023): 210–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7519851.

Putri, KA, and I Triadi. “Peran Militer Sebagai Pelindung Rakyat Indonesia Pada Saat Negara Dalam Keadaan Darurat Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Militer (Berdasarkan Kejadian Gerakan Aceh Merdeka).” Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 10 (2023): 4666–473. https://jurnal.penerbitdaarulhuda.my.id/index.php/MAJIM/article/view/1079%0Ahttps://jurnal.penerbitdaarulhuda.my.id/index.php/MAJIM/article/download/1079/1140.

Rosidah, Nikmah. Hukum Peradilan Militer. Bandar Lampung: AURA, 2019.

Sarwat, Ahmad. Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (17): Jihad. Jakarta: DU Publishing, 2016.

Setyarini, Astri Dewi, and Irwan Triadi. “Pelanggaran Desersi Pada Prajurit Militer.” Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 5 (2023): 55–62.

Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah Jilid 5. Tangerang: Penerbit Lentera Hati, 2005.

Sinta Dewi, Ning Ratna. “Liberalisme Dalam Pemikiran Islam.” Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 2, no. 2 (2022): 186. https://doi.org/10.22373/arj.v2i2.12827.

Syarifuddin. Militer Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an: Relevansi Komsep Militer Rasulullah Dan Implementasi Dalam Kepemimpinan TNI. Jakarta: PTIQ Press, 2018.

Utami, Nahda Rizki. “Kolonel Priyatno Dipecat TNI, Hak Tunjangan-Jaminan Pensiunan Gugur.” Accessed June 6, 2025. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6114953/kolonel-priyanto-dipecat-tni-hak-tunjangan-jaminan-pensiun-gugur.

Wafa, Muhamad Khoirul. “Peran Dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang.” Siyasah: Jurnal Hukum Tatanegara 3, no. 1 (2023): 87–103. https://doi.org/10.32332/siyasah.v3i1.6883.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/hi.v25i1.36992

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Index By:

       

View My Stats

                                                               

Hukum Islam (Print- ISSN: 1411-8041) and (E-ISSN : 2443-0609)

Published by Faculty of Sharia and Law  State Islamic University Of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Mailing Adress: Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
H. R. Soebrantas Street, No.155 KM 18, Kelurahan Tuah Madani, Kecamatan Tuah Madani
Pekanbaru - Riau, 28293

Hukum Islam © 2013 by Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0