Characterization and Synthesis Hydroxyapatite from Scallop Mussel Shells Prepared by the Microwave-Assisted Precipitation Methods

Rilo Chandra Muhamadin, Alviani Hesthi Permata Ningtyas, Ilham Arifin Pahlawan, Rizkyansyah Alif Hidayatullah, Rifky Ismail, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Nur Fadhilah, Gilang Taufiqu Rachman

Abstract


The need for bone implants is constantly increasing every year as the population of older people, accidents, and bone diseases increase. Various solutions, such as autograft, allograft, and artificial endoprosthesis, have been developed by researchers. Ceramic or bio-ceramic materials become very attractive as bone implants due to their high biocompatibility. One of the most commonly used bio-ceramics today is hydroxyapatite (HAp). Hydroxyapatite is one of the biomaterials that are widely used as biomedical materials, such as bone fillers, bioactive implant coatings, bone tissue repair systems and drug distribution. Kabupaten Gresik is famous for its fisheries, including the scallop mussel shells. The scallop mussel shells (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a species of shells that is widely cultivated in the Kabupaten Gresik. Using scallop mussel shell wastes as hydroxyapatite raw material can reduce shell waste volumes and production costs. Several methods for producing hydroxyapatites include hydrothermal, sol-gel, mechanochemical, wet chemical and microwave methods. Hydroxyapatite synthesis with the microwave method has the advantages of efficient heating, environmentally friendly and economical. This study aims to characterize and synthesize hydroxyapatite using scallop mussel shell waste prepared using microwave-assisted precipitation methods in the Gresik Regency. The research was carried out to convert the scallop mussel shells resulting from calcination with the crystal phase Ca(OH)2 into hydroxyapatite using the microwave method. The synthesis process with the method of microwaves at the power of 450 watts for 2.5 minutes. From the synthesis results, hydroxyapatite was then characterized by XRD and SEM tests. The XRD tests carried out formed 99.1% crystallinity of hydroxyapatite.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v21i1.26793

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