SAFE SPACE FOR FEMALE PILGRIMS WITHOUT A MAHRAM DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF UMRAH

Afria Putri Salsabila; Abdul Rozaq

doi:10.24014/marwah.v24i2.38722

SAFE SPACE FOR FEMALE PILGRIMS WITHOUT A MAHRAM DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF UMRAH

Afria Putri Salsabila, Abdul Rozaq

Abstract

The Saudi Arabian government's policy of allowing women to perform Umrah without a mahram since 2022 marks a significant change. However, this raises an urgent need for a comprehensive security system. This study aims to analyze the concept and implementation of a safe space for female pilgrims without a mahram during the Umrah pilgrimage, viewed from a legal, social, and spiritual perspective. This descriptive-analytical qualitative study employs three main data collection techniques: in-depth interviews for primary data, documentation studies and policy analysis for secondary data, and field observations. Data validity was tested using source triangulation. The results show that a safe space is formed through three key elements: (1) Policy and technology, namely implementing gender-based segregation of worship areas and the use of nusuk applications and GPS trackers as a substitute for the protective function of mahrams, (2) Social and collectivity such as the formation of solidarity and formal and informal mentoring networks among female pilgrims, (3) Spiritual and Autonomy providing the availability of a worship environment that supports devotion and spiritual independence. The construction of this safe space aligns with the principles of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, particularly in safeguarding the body and soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs). This study recommends strengthening technology- based security systems, developing specific guidance for assistance, and improving digital literacy for pilgrims.

Keywords

female congregation, maqasid sharia, safe space, safety of worship, umrah without a mahram.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adawiyah, S. El, Kusumiati, A., & Sinaga, A. B. (2025). Sosialisasi Ruag Aman Untuk Perempuan Dalam Menciptakan Kesetaraan Gender Di Ranah Publik. Setawar Abdimas, 4(2).

Affandi, Y., & Gofur, W. (2023). Menyingkap Humanisasi Perempuan dalam Tafsir Faidh Ar-Rahmân. Fatawa Publishing Semarang.

Amri, Z., Khofifah, N., Rosalita, J., Fitria, N., Aulia, E. A., Choiriyyah, U., Khoirotunnisa, Lestari, A. N., Sutrisno, A. T., & Prasiska, S. A. (2025). Profesionalisme Dalam Pelayanan Ibadah Suci : Praktik, Tantangan, dan Inovasi Biro Haji dan Umrah. Lutfi Gilang.

Aziz, M. A. A., & Maisyal, N. (2024). Pandangan 4 Madzhab tentang Mahram Haji bagi Wanita. Jurnal Keilmuan Dan Keislaman, 36–43. https://doi.org/10.23917/jkk.v4i1.160

Bobihu, M. (2023). Implementasi Mahram Dalam Eksekusi Haji Bagi Perempuan Perspektif Maṣlaḥah (Studi Kasus pada Penyelenggaraan Haji di Kementerian Agama Kota Makassar). TARBAWI : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), 67–88.

Chalimatus Sadijah. (2024). Pandangan Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi Terhadap Hadis Larangan Perempuan Bepergian Tanpa Mahram Dan Relevansinya Dengan Pelaksanaan Haji Bagi Perempuan. Misykat : Imu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an, Hadist, Syari’ah, Dan Tarbiyah, 9(2), 19–34.

Crescentrating. (2023). Women’s Safety and Security During Hajj and Umrah.

Darmawan, A., & Izzati, N. (2024). Hajj and Umrah Travel for Women Without Mahram. Moefty : Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab Dan Hukum, 1–10.

Fadhillah, N. (2025). Keamanan dan Kenyamanan Perempuan dalam Beribadah Tanpa Mahram. Wawancara Pribadi.

Gazzette, S. (2022). Women can issue Umrah visa without mahram, on one condition. Saudi Gazette. https://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/618747

Hasyim, M. (2025). Penerapan Maqashid Syariah Dalam Undang-Undang Bidang Administrasi Negara di Indonesia.

Hermanto, A. (2022). MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH Metode Ijtihad dan Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam. CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi.

Iffatul, N. (2025). No Title. Wawancara Pribadi.

Kementerian Agama RI. (2022). Jumlah Pendaftar Baru Jemaah Haji Indonesia Menurut Jenis Kelamin.

Mabrur. (2017). Moderasi al-Qur ’ an dan Penafsiran Kontemporer : Analisis Pemikiran Wahbah Zuhaili dan Relevansinya dalam Konteks Indonesia Modern. Mumtaz : Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Keislaman, 1 (2), 31–50.

Mahmuddin, R., Syandri, Amirullah, M., & Syam, M. A. F. (2021). Hukum Safar Bagi Wanita Tanpa Mahram Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i dan Hambali. Bustanul Fuqoha : Bidang Hukum Islam, 2 (3), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v2i3.412.

Maknun, A. J., & Nizami, A. G. (2022). Konsep Mahram Bagi Haji Wanita Perspektif Fikih Syafi’i dan Regulasi Pemerintah Arab Saudi. Journal Hukum Dan Pemikiran Islam, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.15642/komparatif.v2i2.1653

Nazahah, I., & Sahidin, A. (2022). The Law of Women’s Safar Hukum Safar Wanita Tanpa Mahram Menurut Pandangan Para Ulama. Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama, 12(1), 82–89.

Putri, N. (2025). Persepsi Jemaah Perempuan Umrah Tanpa Mahram. Wawancara Pribadi.

Rahmi, N. (2023). Shifting the Meaning of Mahram for Women in the Implementation of Hajj and Umrah. Proceeding International Conference on Islam, Law, and Society, 2(1).

Rohman, H. (2018). Reaktualisasi Konsep Mahram Dalam Hadis Tentang Perjalanan Wanita Perspektif Maqashid Al-Shariah. Alhukama : Hukum Keluarga Islam Indonesia, 8(2).

Saudi Gazzete. (2022). Women can issue Umrah visa without mahram, on one condition.

Suhenriko, M. (2023). Kebolehan Wanita Tanpa Mahram Melaksanakan Safar Umrah atau Haji Dalam Perspektif Al-Maqashid Al-Syari. AL-Maklumat : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu KeIslaman, 1(2), 81–98.