Bonding, Bridging, dan Linking sebagai Modal Sosial dalam Pemulihan dan Keberlanjutan Desa Wisata Pascapandemi
Abstract
Sektor pariwisata berkontribusi signifikan terhadap devisa dan pendapatan nasional, namun mengalami penurunan tajam akibat pandemi COVID‑19. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana bonding, bridging, dan linking sebagai modal sosial dalam pemulihan dan keberlanjutan desa wisata pascapandemi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus di Desa Wisata Wanurejo, Kabupaten Magelang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan pemerintah desa, pengelola desa wisata, pelaku usaha pariwisata, serta tokoh masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial bonding berperan dominan pada fase awal pemulihan melalui penguatan solidaritas, kepercayaan, dan praktik gotong royong sebagai jaring pengaman sosial informal. Modal sosial bridging berfungsi memperluas jejaring lintas kelompok dan membuka akses terhadap informasi, inovasi, serta peluang ekonomi, namun pemanfaatannya cenderung tidak merata. Sementara itu, modal sosial linking berperan penting dalam pemulihan jangka panjang melalui akses terhadap kebijakan, program bantuan, dan dukungan kelembagaan, sekaligus memperlihatkan relasi kuasa yang berpotensi memarginalkan kelompok rentan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan modal sosial yang inklusif dan berkeadilan dalam pemulihan desa wisata.
Keywords
References
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/kjcs.v7i2.36519
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