Perilaku Evakuasi Bencana dengan Pendekatan Simulasi: Studi Literatur

Mohamad Jihan Shofa; Sahrupi Sahrupi

doi:10.24014/jti.v7i2.14157

Perilaku Evakuasi Bencana dengan Pendekatan Simulasi: Studi Literatur

Mohamad Jihan Shofa, Sahrupi Sahrupi

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Salah satu isu penting dalam kesiapsiagaan bencana adalah pada perencanaan evakuasi yang tepat. Evakuasi menjadi faktor penting dalam mengurangi risiko bencana. Adapun pendekatan yang sering dilakukan untuk menjelaskan perilaku evakuasi adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi. Namun dari studi literatur ditemukan masih minim pembahasan mengenai simulasi pada perilaku evakuasi bencana secara vertical maupun horizontal dan moda transportasi yang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memaparkan literatur evakuasi bencana dengan pendekatan simulasi dan berbagai moda transportasi yang menjadi pilihan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah studi literatur secara sistematis pada naskah jurnal terindeks googlescholar, Scopus, Web of Science yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2021, dengan kata kunci behavioural, evacuation, simulation dan modelling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berbagai pendekatan simulasi dipilih dalam mengevaluasi perilaku evakuasi karena dinilai sebagai metode pendekatan yang sesuai. Sedangkan moda transportasi yang sesuai dapat berdampak pada efektivitas evakuasi. Adapun metode evakuasi dapat berupa evakuasi horizontal maupun vertikal.

Kata Kunci: Bencana, Perilaku evakuasi, Simulasi, Studi Literatur

ABSTRACT

Readiness in catastrophe is the one of critical issues in evacuation planning. The evacuation becomes success factor in reducing the number of victims. The simulation is frequently applied to interpret behavioural evacuation and to evaluate the evacuation effectiveness. Nevertheless, only few literatures discuss about how simulation approach in behavioural vertical or horizontal evacuation, and transportation mode. The objective of this paper is to review literature that discuss about simulation approach in behavioural evacuation and also choosing the transportation modes. Systematic literature review is applied method and it is done for manuscripts published in 2015-2021 indexed by Google scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The key words are behavioural, evacuation, simulation and modelling. The result is simulation approach is appropriate method for analysing behavioural evacuation in various natural disasters. Furthermore, the choosing of transportation modes might effect on evacuation effectiveness. And also there are two evacuation methods; horizontal and vertical evacuation.

Keyword: Behavioural evacuation, Catastrophe, Simulation, Literature Review

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jti.v7i2.14157