Al-Razi : Doktrin Filsafat Lima Kekal

Abstract

The general view among society, including most scholars, holds that only God (Allah SWT) is eternal, while everything else is transient. However, in Al-Razi’s philosophy, the concept of eternity is not limited to a single entity but extends to five eternal principles. This article aims to explore Al-Razi's thought regarding al-khulūd al-khamsah or the Five Eternal Entities. This research employs a library research method by examining relevant primary and secondary sources, including various books and academic journals. The findings reveal that, according to Al-Razi, the five eternal elements consist of God, the Universal Soul, Prime Matter, Absolute Space, and Absolute Time. God is the supreme being who creates all things through His power, is incomparable, and possesses perfect knowledge. The Universal Soul serves as the second eternal principle, endowed with the capacities of life and motion. Prime Matter is an eternal substance composed of indivisible atoms. Absolute Space is conceived as space unbound by physical objects, while Absolute Time is a temporal dimension without beginning or end, encompassing all. These findings indicate that Al-Razi developed a metaphysical system that deviates significantly from mainstream classical Islamic thought.

Keywords: Al-Razi, Five Eternal Entities, Islamic Philosophy