THE ROLES OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON SOCIAL ENTREPENEURSHIP INTENTION IN MALAYSIA

Siti Daleela Mohd Wahid, Shafinar Ismail, Hazrel Moktar, Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan Hussain, Abu Hanifah Ayob

Abstract


Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an innovative entrepreneurial approach gaining great interest from many parties due to its significant effects on the social and economic transformation. However, the current prevalence rate among Malaysian involving in SE recorded at the lowest level comparing to the neighboring countries like Singapore and Thailand. As suggested by previous literature, to investigate the factors lead to the issue,  first step, we need to identify the profiling characteristics of the citizen who can be the potential social entrepreneurs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the demographic characteristics such as gender, age, category of institution and duration of being involve in SE-based program with the SE intention. We used stratified sampling technique to select the sample of 419 university students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. We proposed four hypotheses to be tested and surprising, there is a significant difference between category of institutions and SE intention. It is affirmed that students from public institutions has high intention to be a social entrepreneur as compared to students from private universities. Moreover, gender, age and duration of being involve in SE-based program have no significant difference towards student’s SE intention. Discussion  were made. Lastly, limitations of this paper as well as future research directions were enunciated clearly.

Keywords


Social entrepreneurship, Intention, Demographic Enactus

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abu Hanifah, A. (2017). Diversity, trust and social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-12.

Ahuja, V., Akhtar, A. & Wal, O.P. (2019). Development of a comprehensive model of social entrepreneurial intention formation using a quality tool. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(41), 1-27.

Astin, A.W. (1999). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 1(1), 518-529.

Athayde, R. (2012). The impact of enterprise education on attitudes to enterprise in young people: an evaluation study. Education + Training 54,(8/9), 709-726.

Barton, M., Schaefer, R., & Canavati, S. (2018). To be or not to be a social entrepreneur: Motivational drivers amongst American business students. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 6(1), 6-35.

Bazionelos, N. (2004). The big five of personality and work involvement. Journal of Managerial Psychology,19(1), 69-81.

Bosma, N., Schøtt, T., Terjesen, S., & Kew, P. (2016). Special topic report on social entrepreneurship. Global Entrepreneurship Monitors, 2015-2016.

Camelo-Ordaz, C., Diánez-González, J.P., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2016). The influence of gender on entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of perceptual factors. Business Research Quarterly, 19(4), 261-277.

Chaudhary, R. (2017). Demographic factors, personality and entrepreneurial inclination: A study among Indian university students. Education+ Training, 59(2), 171–187.

Chinchilla, A., & Garcia, M. (2017). Social entrepreneurship intention: Mindfulness towards a duality of objectives. Humanist Management Journal, 1(2), 205-214.

Chipeta E.M., Koloba H.A., & Surujlal J. (2016). Influence of gender and age on social entrepreneurship intentions among university students in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Gender & Behavior, 14(1), 6885-6899.

Chinomona, E., & Maziriri, E.T. (2015). Women in action: Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 14(6), 835-850.

Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 301-331.

Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2012). Focus on opportunities as a mediator of the relationships between business owners’ age and venture growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 127-142.

Hair, J.F, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis. 8th edition. Andover: Cengage Learning, EMEA.

Hariyaty, A.W. (2014). Keusahawanan sosial, daya tahan dan daya saing pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.

Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practices, 41(1), 105-130.

Isteti, M., Nor Aishah, B., & Muhammad, H. (2011). Hubungan pemikiran dan tingkahlaku keusahawanan terhadap kesediaan mengenal peluang perniagaan pelajar IPT di Padang, Sumatera Barat Indonesia. ProsidingSeminar Penyelidikan Siswazah UKM. pp.239-242.

Krueger, N.F., & Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104.

Lévesque, M., & Minniti, M. (2006). The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(2), 177- 194.

Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practices, 33(3), 593-617.

Medyanik, O., & Al-Jawni, F. (2017). An investigation of students’ social entrepreneurial intentions in Syria: An empirical test. In. Marx Gómez J., Aboujaoude M., Feghali K. & Mahmoud T. (eds.). Modernizing Academic Teaching and Research in Business and Economics: International Conference MATRE 2016, Beirut, Lebanon, pp.85-114. Cham: Springer.

Mohd Nasir, K., & Sakina, S.A.F. (2009). Isu-isu pengurusan sumber manusia dalam sektor pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Latihan, 1(1), 1-21.

Ndofirepi, T.M., Rambe, P., & Dzansi, D.Y. (2018). An exploratory study on the gender-based differences in entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents amongst students of a South African University of Technology. Southern African Business Review, 22 (4345), 1-28.

Malaysian Global Innovation and Creativity (2015).

Malaysia Education Blueprint (2015-2025) (Higher Education)

Mazura, M. (2015). Keberkesanan pembelajaran berasaskan konsultasi terhadap tekad keusahawanan pelajar politeknik. Ph.D. Dissertation. Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.

Mohd Ali Bahari, A.K., & Suhaimi, M.S. (2016). Social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise: A review of concepts, definitions and development in Malaysia. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 4(2), 1-16.

Mohd. Izham et al. (2011). Analisis Keperluan Majikan Terhadap Kemahiran Generik bagi Pembangunan Modal Insan. In Zamri, M., Jamalul Lail, A.B., & Mohamed Sani, I. (Edited). Transformasi dan Inovasi dalam Penyelidikan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Nga, J.K.H., & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 259-282.

Nguyen, C. (2018). Demographic factors, family background and prior self-employment on entrepreneurial intention - Vietnamese business students are different: Why? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(10), 1-17.

Noor Faizah, M.L., Hardy Loh, R., & Jamalunlaili, A. (2012). Social entrepreneurship at Universiti Teknologi MARA: The SIFE Model. Proceedings of the ASEAN Entrepreneurship Conference 2012, pp. 365-370.

Noor Rizawati, N., & Mustafa Din, S. (2017). A Review of social innovation initiatives in Malaysia. Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 3(1), 9-17.

Noorseha, A., Yap, C.S., Dewi Amat, S., & Md Zabid, A.R. (2013). Social entrepreneurial intention among business undergraduates: An emerging economy perspective. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business,15(3), 249-267.

Norasmah, O., Halimah, H., Faridah, K., Zaidatol Akmaliah, L.P., & Nor Aishah, B. (2006). Pembentukan indeks tingkah laku keusahawanan golongan remaja Malaysia. Laporan akhir projek IRPA. Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.

Norasmah, O, Hariyaty, A.W., & Haliza, H. (2012). Resilience and Competitiveness among Students in the Free Enterprise (SIFE) program. International Business Management, 6(6), 652-659.

Politis, K., Ketikidis, P., Diamantidis, A.D., & Lazuras, L. (2016). An investigation of social entrepreneurial intentions formation among South-East European postgraduate students. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(4), 1120-1141.

Radin Siti Aishah R.A.R., Norasmah, O., Zaidatol Akmaliah, L.P., & Hariyaty A.W. 2016. Entrepreneurial intention and social entrepreneurship among students in Malaysian higher education. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 10(1), 175-181.

Rahmah, I., Ishak, Y., Abd. Hair, A., & Syahida, Z.A. (2010). Analisis status dan penentu daya saing pekerja dalam sektor pendidikan di Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 44, 83-91.

Rambe, P., & Ndofirepi, T.M. (2016). Gender differences in the perceptions of entrepreneurship hindrances: A case of vocational education students in Zimbabwe. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,8(6), 94–11.

Raudah, M.A., Wan Fauziah, W.Y. & Norliza, G. (2018). The role of social entrepreneurship in Malaysia: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 24(5), 3264-3269.

Reynolds, P., Camp, M., & Hay, M. (2002). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report. E.M. Kauffamnn Foundation, Kansas City, MO.

Serino, L., & Buccino, G. (2019). Entrepreneurial Intentions among Italian Students: The Role of Gender. International Journal of Academic Research Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 1309–1326.

Siti Daleela, M.W., Wan Mohd Hirwani, W.H., & Abu Hanifah, A. (2018). The growing trend of social entrepreneurship among malaysian undergraduate students. International Academic Research Journal of Social Science, 8(9), 1034-1046.

Suhaili, S., & Azlan, A. (2006). Keusahawanan di kalangan mahasiswa: kajian kecenderungan pelajar muslim di Universiti Malaya. Jurnal Syariah,14(1), 93-109.

Suhaimi, M.S., Yusof, I., & Abdullah, S. (2013). Creating wealth through social entrepreneurship: A case study from Malaysia. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(3), 345-353.

Syed Zamberi, A. (2013). The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia lower and higher learning institutions. Education + Training, 55(2), 191-203.

Tran, A.T.P. (2017). Factors influencing social entrepreneurial intention: A theoretical model. Proceedings of 89th ISERD International Conference, pp. 51-57.

Tran, L.Q., & Tran, Q.H.M. (2018). Do gender and age make a difference in entrepreneurial intention of Vietnamese adults? Global Journal of Advanced Research, 5(1), 10-16.

Wan Mohd Hirwani, W.H., Mohd Nizam, A.R., Zinatul Ashiqin, Z., & Noor Inayah, Y.(2014). Mechanism and government initiatives promoting innovation and commercialization of university invention. Pertanika Journal Social Science & Humanity, 22(S), 131 – 148.

Zissimopoulos, J., & Karoly, L. (2007). Transitions to self-employment at older ages: The role of wealth, health, health insurance and other factors. Labor Economics, 14, 269-295.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/apjrs.v6i1.21635

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society



 

   Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society (APJRS) Indexed By:

   

Mailing Address:

Nusantara Journal for Southeast Asian Islamic Studies is published by Institute for Southeast Asian Islamic Studies (ISAIS) Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.

Gedung Islamic Center Lt. I Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Jl. H.R. Soebrantas Km. 15 No. 155 Kelurahan Simpang Baru Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru - Riau 28293, PO. BOX 1004.

Published by:

Institute for Southeast Asean Islamic Studies (ISAIS)
Universitas Islam Negeri  Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Jalan H. R. Soebrantas KM. 15.5, Simpangbaru, Tampan
Pekanbaru - 28293
email: isais.uinsuska@gmail.com

Indexed by:

 

 

web stats

View My Stats

 Creative Commons License APJRS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.