Augmented Reality as a Bridge between Culture and Technology in Mathematics Education: A Meta-Analysis

Maximus Tamur; Eliterius Sennen; Princess De Guzman

doi:10.24014/sjme.v11i2.38044

Augmented Reality as a Bridge between Culture and Technology in Mathematics Education: A Meta-Analysis

Maximus Tamur, Eliterius Sennen, Princess De Guzman

Abstract

The rapid development of Augmented Reality (AR) in education has created new possibilities for connecting cultural heritage with technological innovation, particularly through an ethnomathematics approach to mathematics learning. This study provides novelty by offering a comprehensive meta-analysis investigating how sample size and subject matter moderate the effectiveness of AR-based ethnomathematics in improving mathematics education outcomes. Fifteen relevant empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were systematically identified through leading academic databases, and effect sizes were synthesized using a random-effects model. A rigorous coding process and statistical analysis were used to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The results indicate that AR significantly improves students' mathematical abilities, with variations depending on the subject matter. Furthermore, subject matter was found to be an important moderating variable, influencing the extent to which AR supports the integration of cultural and technological dimensions in mathematics education. These findings recommend that future research consider pedagogical design, cultural context, and technological adaptability when implementing AR-based ethnomathematics to optimize learning outcomes.

Keywords

augmented reality; ethnomathematics; mathematics education; meta-analysis; sample size; subject matter

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ahdhianto, E., Barus, Y. K., & Thohir, M. A. (2025). Augmented Reality as a Game Changer in Experiential Learning : Exploring its Role Cultural Education for Elementary Schools. JPR: Journal of Pedagogical Research, 9(1), 296–313. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202533573

Anesti, V., & Irwanto, I. (2025). Research on Augmented Reality in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Learning for Development, 12(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v12i1.1314

Annisa, C., Triani, D. A., & Tanti, Y. K. (2023). Is it True that PBL based on Islamic Ethnomathematics Makes it Easier for PTKIN Students to Understand Mathematical Concepts? Journal Focus Action of Research Mathematic (Factor M), 6(1), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.30762/factor_m.v6i1.1228

Apricillia, N. N. D. E., Suarjana, I. M., & Jayanta, I. N. L. (2024). Improving Numeracy and Metacognitive Skills of Grade V Students Through Balinese Ethnomathematics-Based Mobile Learning. International Journal of Elementary Education, 8(4), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v8i4.91544

Arifin, S., & Efriani, A. (2025). Integrating Augmented Reality in RME-Based Digital Learning: Impact on Students’ Problem-Solving Ability. Hipotenusa: Journal of Mathematical Society, 7(1), 32–53. https://doi.org/10.18326/hipotenusa.v7i1.3768

Ayu, A., Nursyahidah, F., & Prayito, M. (2023). Development of Learning Media Using Ethnomathematics-Based Augmented Reality on Cube and Block Material. Jurnal Phenomenon, 13(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2023.13.2.17130

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). Routledge.

Cui, Y. (2020). Meta-analysis of the Impact of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality on Students’ Learning Performance. In An In Depth Look at Virtual Reality (pp. 179–210). IntechOpen.

Dewi, S. S., Asfar, A. muhammad irfan taufan, Asfar, A. M. I. A., Nurannisa, A., Damayanti, W., & Wahyuni, N. (2024). Enhancing Students’ Logical Thinking through Ethnomathematics-based Augmented Reality of Bola Soba Character Facades. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 5(3), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v5i3.1033

Gusteti, M., Rahmalina, W., Wulandari, S., Azmi, K., Mulyati, A., Hayati, R., Gustina, R., & Nor Cahyati, V. (2025). GeoGebra Augmented Reality: An Innovation in Improving Students’ Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 13(3), 584–596. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.4872

Himayati, B. R. A., Elmiati, Mispalah, & Nursaly, B. R. (2024). Evaluasi Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality Bangun Datar/Ruang Dengan Pendekatan Etnomatematika Rumah Adat Lengkong dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spasial Siswa Sekolah Dasar. JOEAI (Journal of Education and Instruction), 7(2), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.31539/joeai.v7i2.12081

Jampel, I. N., & Antara, I. G. W. S. (2025). Ethnomathematics-Collaborative Augmented Reality: An Innovative Framework to Enhance Problem-Solving Skills in Elementary Geometry. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 8(3), 522–528. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v8i3.85666

Juandi, D., Kusumah, Y. S., & Tamur, M. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Last Two Decades of Realistic Mathematics Education Approaches. International Journal of Instruction, 15(1), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15122a

Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2020). Pengantar Analisis Meta (1st ed.). UPI PRESS.

Kyeremeh, P., Awuah, F. K., & Dorwu, E. (2023). Integration of Ethnomathematics in Teaching Geometry: a Systematic Review and Bibliometric Report. Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 16(2), 68-89. https://doi.org/10.21423/jume-v16i2a519

Lin, Y., & Yu, Z. (2023). A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Augmented Reality Technologies in Interactive Learning Environments (2012–2022). Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(4), 1111–1131. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22628

Maharbid, D. A., Herman, T., Agustin, M., & Riyana, C. (2025). Design of a Digital Ethnomathematics Module Based on Augmented Reality: A Study on Geometric Concepts Through the Exploration of the Mande Karesemen for Elementary Schools. KnE Social Sciences, 10(12), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i12.18862

Muwahiddah, U., Asikin, M., & Mariani, S. (2021). The Ability Solve Geometry Problems in Spatial Intelligence through Project Based Learning-Ethnomathematics Assisted by Augmented Reality Apk. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 10(1), 97–1002. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/ujmer/article/view/35021

Nugroho, M. A., Yulandari, I., & Cahyono, A. N. (2024). Project-based Learning through Augmented Reality-assisted Math Trails at Blenduk Church to Promote Mathematical Literacy. Jurnal Elemen, 10(2), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v10i2.25333

Nurhasanah, N., Hayati, L., Salsabila, H. N., & Amrullah, A. (2023). Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Etnomatematika Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 5(4), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v5i4.5642

Pasaribu, R. S., Husna, A., & Hanggara, Y. (2024). The Impact of Augmented Reality Media Integrated with Ethnomathematics on Students’ Numeracy Literacy Skills. JCP (Jurnal Cahaya Pendidikan), 10(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.33373/chypend.v10i2.6312

Pramulia, P., Yustitia, V., Kusmaharti, D., Fanny, A. M., & Oktavia, I. A. (2025). Ethnomathematics of Al Akbar Mosque Surabaya: Augmented Reality Comics to Improve Elementary School Students’ Literacy and Numeracy. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025277

Rahayu, R., Fahma, M. A., Bintoro, H. S., & Murti, A. C. (2025). Enhancing Mathematical Thinking Skills through Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted by an Ethnomathematics Mobile Module. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 26(1), 556–569. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v26i1.pp556-569

Rahmadani, M. L., Zulfah, Z., & Zulhendri, Z. (2023). Pengaruh Pendekatan Ethno-RME terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 13(4), 1162-1170. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v13i4.1350

Richardo, R., Wijaya, A., Rochmadi, T., Abdullah, A. A., Nurkhamid, N., Astuti, A. W., & Hidayah, K. H. (2023). Ethnomathematics Augmented Reality: Android-Based Learning Multimedia to Improve Creative Thinking Skills on Geometry. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(4), 731–737. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.4.1860

Siregar, M., Aryaningrum, K., & Sunedi, S. (2025). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Etnomatematika Berbasis Website Terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Kelas IV SDN 248 Palembang. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 6(7), 651–645. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i02.26353

Suherman, S., & Vidákovich, T. (2024). Mathematical Creative Thinking-Ethnomathematics based Test: Role of Attitude toward Mathematics, Creative Style, Ethnic Identity, and Parents’ Educational Level. Revista de Education a Distancia (RED), 24(77), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.6018/red.581221

Sunzuma, G., & Maharaj, A. (2019). Teacher-related Challenges Affecting the Integration of Ethnomathematics Approaches into the Teaching of Geometry. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education, 15(9), EM1744. https://doi.org/10.29333/EJMSTE/108457

Susanto, Dafik, Kristiana, A. I., Fatahillah, A., & Alfarisi, R. (2025). Enhancing Mathematical Creative Thinking in Ethno-Geometry Learning Using Augmented Reality Technology. Mathematics Teaching-Research Journal, 17(3), 70–87.

Tamur, M. (2021). Pengaruh Computer-Assisted Mathematics Education (CAME) Terhadap Kemampuan Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Indonesia: Studi Meta-Analisis. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Tamur, M. (2023). Teknologi Immersive Augmented Reality Memfasilitasi Pembelajaran : Analisis Meta Perbandingan antar Subject Matters. Juring (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning), 6(4), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.24014/juring.v6i4.25813

Tamur, M., Juandi, D., & Kusumah, Y. S. (2020). The Effectiveness of the Application of Mathematical Software in Indonesia; A Meta-Analysis Study. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 867–884. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13453a

Tamur, M., Juandi, D., & Subaryo. (2023). A Meta-Analysis of the Implementation of the Gamification Approach of the Last Decade. AIP Conference Proceedings, 090002(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155519

Tamur, M., Komaladewi, G. W., Nona, M. A., Trinitas, E. L., & Syukur, Y. M. K. (2024). Global Trends in Augmented Reality Technology: A Meta-Analysis Study. Proceeding of International Seminar on Student Reseacrh in Education, Science, and TechnologyMataram: Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Retrieved from https://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/issrectec/article/view/22749

Tamur, M., Kurnila, V. S., Jehadus, E., Ndiung, S., Pareira, J., & Syaharuddin, S. (2021). Learning from the Past : Meta-Analysis of Contextual Teaching-Learning of the Past Decade. International Journal of Education & Curriculum Application, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v4i1.3981

Tamur, M., Ndiung, S., Weinhandl, R., Wijaya, T. T., Jehadus, E., & Sennen, E. (2023). Meta-Analysis of Computer-Based Mathematics Learning in the Last Decade Scopus Database: Trends and Implications. Infinity Journal, 12(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v12i1.p101-116

Tamur, M., Ngao, A. I., & Castulo, N. J. (2025). The Future of Augmented Reality Immersive Technology- Based Mathematics Learning : A Meta-Analysis Study. JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika), 9(3), 1013–1027. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v9i3.31033

Tamur, M., Pantaleon, K. V., & Nendi, F. (2023). Pendampingan Guru Matematika Kelompok Saraya dalam Mengembangkan Perangkat Pembelajaran. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 7(5), 4233–4240. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v7i5.16874

Tamur, M., Pantaleon, K. V., Wibisono, Y., Mamu, A. E., Ganas, P. R., Nurung, E. S., Rinta, I. K., & Berchmans, Y. J. (2024). PKM Pendampingan Guru Matematika SMP di Kota Ruteng Manggarai NTT untuk Perancangan dan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Augmented Reality. Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, 8(6), 6700–6710. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v8i6.27583

Tamur, M., Wibisono, Y., Makur, A., & Pantaleon, K. (2024). Challenges and Opportunities for Using Immersive Technology: A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Cross-Country Studies. ICEHHA 2023. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-12-2023.2345622

Tamur, M., Wijaya, T. T., Makur, A. P., Wibisono, Y., & Pantaleon, K. V. (2024). The Global Trend of Augmented Reality-Based Learning and Its Impact on Students ’ Academic Ability : A Meta-Analysis. 6(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.18326/hipotenusa.v6i2.2454

Wangid, M. N., Rudyanto, H. E., & Gunartati. (2020). The Use of AR-Assisted Storybook to Reduce Mathematical Anxiety on Elementary School Students. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(6), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V14I06.12285

Wulandari, D. U., Mariana, N., Wiryanto, W., & Amien, M. S. (2024). Integration of Ethnomathematics Teaching Materials in Mathematics Learning in Elementary School. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 5(1), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v5i1.542

Yilmaz, Z. A., & Batdi, V. (2021). Meta-Analysis of the Use of Augmented Reality Applications in Science Teaching. Journal of Science Learning, 4(3), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v4i3.30570

Yohannes, Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2021). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model On Mathematical Communication Skills of Junior High School Students – A Meta-Analysis Study. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia, 10(2), 142–157. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v10i2.17893

Zainovi, P. S., Mariana, N., Istiq’faroh, N., Wiryanto, W., & Muhimmah, H. A. (2025). Integrating Ethnomathematics in Geometry Learning to Enhance Primary Students’ Numeracy Skills: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(3), 1044-1053. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i3.1467

Zhengtao, Z., & Hidayat, R. (2025). The Effects of Augmented Reality ( AR ) Toward Achievement on The Graphs and Geometry Topic Among Third-Grade Students. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 17(1), 82–98.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sjme.v11i2.38044