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Paparan Dampak Teori Konspirasi Melalui Media Digital Terhadap Political Trust dan Political Efficacy pada Mahasiswa Pemilih Pemula Gen-Z
Abstract
Abstract. The role of gen-z novice college student voters in Indonesia's 2024 democratic year is crucial, as they can determine the direction of national politics. As a generation growing up with massive exposure to information through digital media, especially conspiracy theories that tend to be of interest, this is a unique characteristic. This study aims to determine whether exposure to conspiracy theories through digital media can affect the political trust and political efficacy of gen-z novice voters as the main predisposition in determining their political participation, which has an impact on the dynamics of politics. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a comparison of two treatments and a posttest only control design. The research participants (N=108) were divided into 3 groups, namely experimental group 1 (intervention: video) (n=38), experimental group 2 (intervention: article) (n=36), and control group (n=34). The results of hypothesis testing using one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in the political trust variable (F = 7.613, p < 0.01) with an effect size (η² = 0.127), while political efficacy showed no significant difference (F = 0.118, p = 0.889). This shows that exposure to conspiracy theories, both through videos and articles in digital media, can only reduce political trust, but not political efficacy, which may have an impact on the tendency of students to carry out action movements in national politics, which needs to be addressed wisely.
Abstrak. Peran mahasiswa pemilih pemula gen-z pada tahun demokrasi 2024 di Indonesia merupakan hal yang vital, karena mereka dapat menentukan arah perpolitikan nasional. Sebagai generasi yang tumbuh dengan paparan informasi yang masif dari media digital khususnya teori konspirasi yang cenderung diminati, ini menjadi karakteristik yang unik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah paparan teori konspirasi melalui media digital dapat memengaruhi political trust dan political efficacy mahasiswa pemilih pemula gen-z sebagai predisposisi utama dalam menentukan partisipasi politik mereka yang berimbas pada dinamika perpolitikan. Studi ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan Comparing Two Treatments and a Control post-test only design. Partisipan penelitian (N=108) dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen 1 (intervensi: video) (n=38), kelompok eksperimen 2 (intervensi: artikel) (n=36), dan kelompok kontrol (n=34). Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan one-way anova, menunjukkan bahwa dalam variabel political trust terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (F = 7.613, p < 0.01) dengan effect size (η² = 0.127), sementara political efficacy terlihat tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (F = 0.118, p = 0.889). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa paparan teori konspirasi baik melalui video mamupun artikel di media digital hanya dapat menurunkan political trust namun tidak dengan political efficacy yang mana dapat berimbas pada kecenderungan mahasiswa untuk melakukan gerakan aksi dalam perpolitikan nasional yang harus disikapi dengan bijak.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/pib.v7i2.30029
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