LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN ULAMA DURING PANDEMIC IN PESANTREN: STUDY IN KEBON JAMBU CIWARINGIN AND AL-BAQAROH LIRBOYO

This study aims to analyze the leadership of Women Ulama as Nyai Pesantren during the pandemic. This research was conducted in two Pesantren led by women, Nyai Hannah Zamzami in East Java and Nyai Masriyah Amva in West Java. Using qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, researchers revealed how women's leadership could respond to the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and intense life researchers in Pesantren. The collected data were analyzed comparatively. The results showed: (1) The typology of the Pesantren has different characteristics. Pesantren, under the leadership of Nyai Masriyah Amva is favored with character education according to talents and interests as well as edupreneurship. Pesantren, under the leadership of Nyai Hannah Zamzami, emphasized more tahfidz al-Qur'an with the Fami Bisyauqin method (2) The type of Nyai leadership in Pesantren Kebon Jambu Babakan Ciwaringin West Java and Pesantren al-Baqarah East Java, both apply democratic, egalitarian, openness leadership types. The difference is that Nyai Masriyah Amva is more dominant with the character of independence, while Nyai Hannah Zamzami is more dominant with a strong character in memorizing the Qur'an. (3) The implications of the leadership types of Nyai Masriyah and Nyai Hannah are very influential on developing Pesantren and human resources, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. With a democratic, egalitarian, and openness, Pesantren education continues its educational process during a pandemic and innovates by utilizing social medicine as a medium for da'wah.


Introduction
Studies related to the leadership of Women Ulama have begun to be demanded by researchers, both academics and non-academics. Indonesian Women Ulama Congress (KUPI) in 2017 and KUPI 2 in 2022, as evidence that the study about women's ulama has been appreciated. This movement initiated by Pesantren affiliated with Nahdlatul Madrasa in Makkah. This show that women Pesantren's have the significant role in education and women could become role models at that time (Muzayanah, 2020).
According to Dhofier, three factors show the charismatic leadership of Pesantren as a central figure: heredity, breadth of knowledge, and observance of worship (spiritual) (Dhofier, 2000). The phenomenon of women ulama Pesantren, with their role and contribution, has received considerable attention. Their role as role models in their communities is genuine, but the honors they have received have not been commensurate with their efforts. (El-Saha, 2007).
The research also clarifies an assumption that Pesantren must value women's efforts in the public realm since men always dominate Pesantren's leadership. There are Pesantren managed by women who are role models today, such as Nyai Masriyah Amva, the caregiver Kebon Jambu Pesantren, and Nyai Hannah Zamzami, the caregiver Al-Baqarah Pesantren. These two individuals' choices are inextricably linked to their numerous initiatives and innovations in running Pesantren education throughout the pandemic. During the Covid-19 epidemic, he innovated in his da'wah and teaching in Islamic boarding schools by employing YouTube media as a form of da'wah and education.
The advantages of the two Pesantren are unique in that they both apply their learning methods during the pandemic without losing their uniqueness and goal in developing a superior and charitable generation of pupils. Researchers are interested in conducting an ethnographic life history study to discover the phenomenon of Pesantren by the two Nyai and the phenomenon of leadership during the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers assume that the leadership pattern of Nyai Pesantren is significant to become a role model in society. So, from the various descriptions above, the researcher wants to focus on revealing the leadership of women ulama Pesantren during the pandemic.

Research Methods
This study depends on a qualitative approach based on ethnographic phenomenology, which investigates the phenomenon of individual experience that refers to meaning and seeks uniqueness in the context of individuals in social communities who are related to each other in the form of the same pattern (Creswell, 2010 West Java, as well as the narratives of the two Nyai's students and descendants on the leadership they do. This study compared the variations in regular activities carried out in the two Pesantren using participants (santri) from Babakan Ciwaringin and Al-Baqarah.
Here are the demographics of the participants: Interview data were collected directly in the form of audio-visual records in a separate room. Conversations between researchers and informants are informal. though there is a paucity of data, use What's App as a communication middleman even though the distance is great. Researchers maintain their identity using pseudonyms, and sensitive information is incorporated in the final story only with their permission. The interview transcript included information from gestures and visually recorded expressions.
The transcripted interview findings were analyzed for data. According to Widodo, researchers perform more comprehensive interview data analysis procedures, such as listening to audio recordings of interview findings, recording important things needed, writing and codifying data, and evaluating validating data (Widodo et al., 2018). The leadership of Nyai Pesantren is analyzed using the theory of Self-Agency and Feminist Ethic (Uva, n.d.). Both theories is a feminist approach to one's ability to make acting decisions (Meyers, 2001), and moral decision-making that is often expected to be rational and logical. In contrast, the ethics of caring defends some emotions, such as caring or compassion, as a moral (D'olimpio, 2019). In the view of Feminist Ethics, there is no duality between reason and emotion. Emotions are considered reasonable and morally acceptable in influencing good decisions or behaviors. In front of pupils and the community, the decision model in one's leadership will be a role model and best practice.

Results and Discussion
Besides on findings of data, Researchers structure their findings so that readers get a holistic representation, as outlined in three sub-topic discussions in conveying their findings, namely (1)  To support this vision and mission, all students receive Pesantren education and receive formal education. According to Nyai Amva and the head of the student (Sarah) also said the same thing. Amva through Pesantren demonstrates the leadership pattern of receiving guests from many circles, including interfaith. This also dispels the myth that Pesantren, as Islamic educational institution, is only available to specific populations. Pesantren can exist inclusively since they are open to many nationalities and communities. (Anggraeni et al., 2023). Pesantren life as a subculture reveals a different and distinct reality from that of the surrounding community. Relationships and interactions between others, including fellow students and strangers, show a pattern of harmony and fraternity (Maarif, 2010 Hannah Zamzami tends to be a strong character, not just any student can memorize the Qur'an because the most challenging thing is how to practice it, not just memorize it.
Therefore, supporting knowledge in memorizing the Qur'an is an absolute requirement that must be mastered by students such as Tajwid and supported by practical knowledge in the form of Jurisprudence.

Implications of the Nyai Leadership Pesantren against the Covid-19 situation.
The implications of Nyai's leadership style have an equal impact on the development of Pesantren in management and human resource development in the form of self-development and student personality development, allowing the younger generation to grow in synergy with enthusiasm according to their respective talents.
The difference is in the Kebon Jambu, the Pesantren is more identical, modern and contemporary, able to synergize with differences, without discriminating against religious and racial groups. Unlike in Al-Baqarah, the intricacies of Pesantren tradition are still dense between Nyai as the Pesantren's caregiver, so Santri must act following what their carers say (Dhawuh) (Munawwaroh et al., 2019).
However, these two Nyai's had highly advanced ideas. They were successful in practicing the famous principle al-muhâfadatu 'alâ qadîmi al shâlih wal akhdu bi jadîdi al-ashlâh, being able to retain old traditions and create new traditions for the sake of the Ummah. The term can be understood by expanding on tradition in the Pesantren curriculum.
Pesantren Kebon Jambu and Pesantren Al-Baqarah are more receptive to current customs as a result of their use of digital media and advice quote platforms on social media. Pesantren can adopt technology without abandoning the salaf tradition that defines them. Nyai Masriyah Amva is an example of a quotation. "Everything must come from the heart." It is often said in various things to learn to understand and understand the situation of others, to try to give comfort to someone when he feels depressed and uncomfortable when others move away because they think negatively, to approach and

Conclusions and Suggestions
The characteristics of equality and inclusion displayed at Pesantren Kebon Jambu Java, and al-Baqarah, East Java, are both democratic, as defined by the concepts of cooperation, deliberation with students, and stressing equitable principles.
The implications of Nyai's leadership are equally influential on the development of Pesantren in the field of Pesantren management and human resource development in the form of self-development and personality development of students, so that the younger generation can grow in synergy in the spirit according to their respective talents. Nyai