Systematic Literature Review: Dinamika Penggunaan Lahan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi di Wilayah Pegunungan

Almegi Almegi; Adhi Munajar; Rahmah Rahmah

doi:10.24014/jej.v5i2.38183

Systematic Literature Review: Dinamika Penggunaan Lahan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi di Wilayah Pegunungan

Almegi Almegi, Adhi Munajar, Rahmah Rahmah

Abstract

Pegunungan adalah ekosistem yang paling rapuh di dunia dengan topografi yang curam, tanah yang tipis dan iklim yang ekstrem, sehingga dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan pada ekosistem ini lebih parah dibanding perubahan pada ekosistem lainnya. Perubahan penggunaan lahan di pegunungan lebih banyak disebabkan oleh aktivitas antropogenik yang merusak akibat intensifikasi penggunaan lahan tidak berkelanjutan dan eksploitasi sumberdaya alam yang berlebihan. Tulisan ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan pemahaman mengenai dinamika penggunaan lahan di wilayah pegunungan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dari jurnal bereputasi yaitu sciencedirect.com. Review dipandu oleh model PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). Hasil SLR menunjukkan tren publikasi fokus pada degradasi lahan dan atau restorasi ekosistem, dan pengabaian lahan pertanian. Seluruh artikel menggunakan data-data berorientasi geografis, sehingga teknologi Penginderaan Jauh dan atau Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) digunakan dalam tahapan pengumpulan, pengolahan dan analisis data. Metode kuantitatif digunakan pada sebagian besar artikel dan metode campuran (mix method) ditemukan dalam artikel dengan jumlah terbatas. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dinamika penggunaan lahan yang umum digunakan adalah kondisi geografi, akses lahan dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi. Faktor lain yang digunakan secara terbatas adalah kependudukan, kebijakan dan kondisi sosial-politik. Penelitian ke depan dapat diarahkan pada bahasan pemetaan atau identifikasi pengabaian lahan pertanian dan analisis faktor-faktor penyebabnya dengan pengembangan pada strategi pencegahan bertambahnya pengabaian lahan pertanian di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini juga terbatas dilakukan pada pegunungan di wilayah subtropis, terutama Cina sehingga belum ada perbandingan pengabaian lahan pertanian dengan wilayah pegunungan tropis.

Keywords

Tinjauan literatur sistematis, PRISMA, Pengabaian lahan pertanian, deforestasi, restorasi ekosistem, konversi lahan, perubahan penggunaan lahan

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jej.v5i2.38183