STRATEGI PEMULIHAN CITRA ORGANISASI BERBASIS IMAGE REPAIR THEORY : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA SISTEMATIS 2021-2025
Abstract
Penelitian ini merupakan studi tinjauan pustaka sistematis yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan Image Repair Theory (IRT) dalam strategi komunikasi krisis selama periode 2021–2025. Sebanyak 11 artikel ilmiah yang diambil dari jurnal terindeks Scopus dan berstatus open access dianalisis secara tematik, baik dari pola strategi dominan, variasi konteks krisis, integrasi IRT dengan teori lain, serta implikasi budaya dalam penerapannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi IRT yang paling dominan digunakan adalah evading responsibility, reducing offensiveness, dan denial. Selain itu, penerapan IRT terbukti relevan digunakan dalam berbagai konteks krisis, baik sektor pemerintahan, politik sektor korporasi, keagamaan, dan olahraga. IRT juga diintegrasikan dengan teori lain seperti Information Manipulation Theory dan Impoliteness Theory untuk memahami dinamika komunikasi krisis yang kompleks. Faktor budaya juga turut memiliki peranan penting dalam membentuk pilihan strategi, seperti budaya Timur yang cenderung menggunakan reducing offensiveness dan evading responsibility, sedangkan budaya Barat yang lebih individualistis dan terbuka terhadap konfrontasi, kerap menggunakan strategi denial dan attack the accuser dalam narasi politik. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemulihan citra tidak hanya bergantung pada strategi komunikasi yang dipilih, tetapi juga pada kemampuan organisasi memahami konteks budaya dan ekspektasi publik. Studi ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan perspektif IRT sebagai pendekatan yang adaptif dan kontekstual dalam studi komunikasi krisis.
Keywords
References
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jrmdk.v7i2.36909
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