MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM AZIDE ON THE GERMINATION IN RICE  (Oryza sativa L. cv.  INPAGO UNSOED 1)

Bagus Herwibawa; Florentina Kusmiyati

doi:10.24014/ja.v7i2.2759

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM AZIDE ON THE GERMINATION IN RICE (Oryza sativa L. cv. INPAGO UNSOED 1)

Bagus Herwibawa, Florentina Kusmiyati

Abstract

The available natural diversity highly limits the effort to improve the production of upland-rice with delicious and aromatic flavors. However, the mutagenesis can help improving the natural diversity. The aromatic-upland rice seeds, cv. Inpago Unsoed 1, were soaked in solution of NaN₃ with the doses of 0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM, 5 mM, 6 mM, 7 mM, 8 mM, 9 mM, and 10 mM, in four replications in completely randomized design. The observation included LD₅₀, germination percentage at first-count and final-count. Data were tabulated and analyzed with CurveExpert 1.4 software for LD₅₀, and generalized linear model in the PROC-GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 software. The means were generated and compared through Dunnett option, at probability level of 5%, in order to determine the difference in means between mutated and non-mutated seeds. The results show that the attributes of rice physiology affected by mutagenesis are sensitivity of rice to NaN₃ with LD₅₀ at 8.84 mM, and significant effect of NaN₃ on the decreasing capacity of seed germination at > 6 mM for first count, and > 7 mM for final count.

Keywords: germination, inpago unsoed 1, median lethal dose, rice, sodium azide

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anbarasan, K., R. Rajendran, D. Sivalingam, M. Anbazhagan, and AL.A. Chidambaram. 2013. Effect of Gamma Radiation on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sesame (Sesame indicum L.) var. TMV3. International Journal of Research in Botany, 3 (2) : 27-29.

Ando, A. and R. Montalvan. 2001. Gamma Ray Radiation and Sodium Azide (NaN3) Mutagenic Efficiency in Rice. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 1 (4) : 339-346.

Anindita, R., A. Q. Pudjiastuti, N. Baladina, and B. Setiawan. 2016. Food self sufficiency scenario of Indonesia: The impact of land expansion and increasing food prices. Advances in Environmental Biology, 10 (10): 97-102

Aurabi, A.K., K.M. Ibrahim, and S.A. Yousif. 2012. Induction of Genetic Variation for Drought Tolerance in Two Rice Cultivars Amber 33 and Amber Baghdad. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (2) : 270-281.

Calingacion, M., A. Laborte, A. Nelson, A. Resurreccion, J.C. Concepcion, V.D. Daygon, R. Mumm, R. Reinke, S. Dipti, P.Z. Bassinello, J. Manful, S. Sophany, K.C. Lara, J. Bao, L. Xie, K. Loaiza, A. El-hissewy, J. Gayin, N. Sharma, S. Rajeswari, S. Manonmani, N.S. Rani, S. Kota, S.D. Indrasari, F. Habibi, M. Hosseini, F. Tavasoli, K. Suzuki, T. Umemoto, C. Boualaphanh, H.H. Lee, Y.P. Hung, A. Ramli, P.P. Aung, R. Ahmad, J.I. Wattoo, E. Bandonill, M. Romero, C.M. Brites, R. Hafeel, H.S. Lur, K. Cheaupun, S. Jongdee, P. Blanco, R. Bryant, N.T. Lang, R.D. Hall, M. Fitzgerald. 2014. Diversity of Global Rice Markets and the Science Required for Consumer-Targeted Rice Breeding. PloS ONE, 9 (1): e85106 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085106

Dariah, A., B. Kartiwa, N. Sutrisno, K. Suradisastra, M. Sarwani, H. Soeparno, E. Pasandaran. 2012. Prospects for Agriculture of Dry Land Towards Food Sovereignty. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Bogor, Indonesia (in Indonesia)

Dewi, K., G. Meidiana, Sudjino, and Suharyanto. 2016. Effects of sodium azide (NaN3) and cytokinion vegetative growth and yield of black rice plant (Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Ireng’). AIP Conference Proceedings 1775 doi: 10.1063/1.4958549

Gaswanto, R., M. Syukur, B.S. Purwoko, and S.H. Hidayat. 2016. Induced mutation by gamma rays irradiation to increase chilli resistance to Begomovirus. . Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 38 (1): 24-32

Gnanamurthy, S., D. Dhanavel, M. Girija, P. Pavadai, and T. Bharathi. 2012. Effect of chemical mutagenesis on quantitative traits of maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Research in Botany, 2(4): 34-36

Gruszka, D., I. Szarejko, and M. Maluszynski. 2012. Sodium Azide as a Mutagen. In: Plant Mutation Breeding and Biotechnology. CABI International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 159-166

Gusmiatun. 2015. Growth and Yield of Some Upland Rice Varieties in Ogan Ilir South Sumatra. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2015, Palembang 08-09 October 2015 (in Indonesian).

Harding, S.S., S.D. Johnson, D.R. Taylor, C.A. Dixon, and M.Y. Turay. 2012. Effect of Gamma Rays on Seed Germination, Seedling Height, Survival Percentage and Tiller Production in Some Rice Varieties Cultivated in Sierra Leone. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2 (2) : 247-255

He, J., Y. Hu, W.C. Li, and F.L. Fu. 2009. Drought tolerant mutant induced by gamma ray and sodium azide from maize calli. Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 83 : 53-55

Herwibawa, B., T.A.D. Haryanto, and Sakhidin. 2014. The Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Sodium Azide on Germination of Some Rice Cultivars. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 36 (1) : 36-32

Joshi, N., A. Ravindran, and V. Mahajan. 2011. Investigations on chemical mutagen sensitivity in onion (Allium cepa L.). International Journal of Botany, 7 (3): 243-248

Lin, C, N. Liu, D. Liao, J. Yu, C. Tsao, C. Lin, C. Sun, W. Jane, H. Jane, J. J. Chen, E.Lai, N. Lin, W. Chang, and C. Lin. 2008. Differential protein expression of two photosystem II subunits, PsbO and PsbP, in an Albino Mutant of Bambusa edulis with Chloroplast DNA Aberration. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 133 (2) : 270 -277

Luo, L.J. 2010. Breeding for water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) in China. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61 (13): 3509-3517

Mahajan, V., A. Devi, A. Khar, and K.E. Lawande. 2015. Studies on mutagenesis in garlic using chemical mutagens to determine lethal dose (LD50) and create variability. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 72 (2): 289-292

Marcu, D., G. Damian, C. Cosma, and V. Cristea. 2013. Gamma radiation effects on seed germination, growth and pigment content, and ESR study of induced free radicals in maize (Zea mays). Journal of Biological Physics, 39 (4): 625-634

Milosevic, M., M. Vujakovic, and D. Karagic. 2010. Vigour tests as indicators of seed viablity. Genetika, 42(1): 103-118

Mustikarini, E.D., N.R. Ardiarini, N. Basuki, and Kuswanto. 2017. Selection Strategy of Drought Tolerance on Red Rice Mutant Lines. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 39 (1): 91-99

Omoregie, U.E., J.K. Mensah, and B. Ikhajiagbe. 2014. Germination response of five rice varieties treated with sodium azide. Research Journal of Mutagenesis, 4 (1): 14-22

Roslim, D.I., Herman, and I. Fiatin. 2015. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) cultivar kampar. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 47(4): 510-516

Rustikawati, E. Suprijono, A. Romeida, C. Herison, and S.H. Sutjahjo. 2012. Identification of M4 Gamma Irradieated Maize Mutant Based on RAPD Markers. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 34 (2) : 162-166

Sasikala and Kalaiyarasi. 2010. Sensitivity of rice varieties to gamma irradiation. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1 (4) : 885 – 889

Shah, T.M., J.I. Mirza, M.A. Haq, and B.M Atta. 2008. Radio Sensitivity of Various Chickpea Genotypes in M1 Generation I-Laboratory Studies. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (2) : 649 – 665

Sharma, A., P. Plaha, R. Rathour, V. Katoch, Y. Singh and G.S. Khalsa. 2010. Induced Mutagenesis for Improvement of Garden Pea. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 16 (1): 60-72

Shin, Y.S., and J.U. Jeung. 2011. Genetic Diversity Estimation of The Rice Mutant Lines Induced by Sodium Azide. Korean Journal of Breeding Science, 43 (1) : 23-31

Shu, Q. Y. 2009. A Summary of The International Symposium on Induced Mutations in Plants; In : Q.Y. Shu (Ed.). Induced Plant Mutations in Genomics Era. pp : 51-58 Proceedings of an International Joint FAO/IAEA Symposium, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

Wang, Z., J.Wang, Y. Bao, F. Wang, and H. Zhang. 2010. Quantitative Trait Loci Analysisi for Rice Seed Vigor during The Germination Stage. Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 11 (12) : 958-964

Warghat, A.R., N.H. Rampure, and P. Wagh. 2011. Effect of sodium azide and gamma rays treatments on percentage germination, survival, morphological variation and chlorophyll mutation in musk okra (Abelmoschus moschatus L.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3 (5): 483-486

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v7i2.2759