Dinamika Dukungan Sosial dan Ketahanan Psikologis dalam Menghadapi Konflik Sosial di Masyarakat Perkotaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v7i2.39267Keywords:
social support, psychological resilience, social conflict, urban community word, dukungan sosial, ketahanan psikologis, konflik sosial, masyarakat perkotaanAbstract
Social conflict is a common phenomenon in urban communities due to differences in interests, values, and social backgrounds. Such conditions require individuals to possess psychological resilience in order to adapt and manage emerging pressures. One factor that is assumed to play an important role in enhancing psychological resilience is social support. This study aims to examine the dynamics of social support and psychological resilience in dealing with social conflict among urban communities. The research subjects consisted of 200 adults living in urban areas who had experienced social conflict in their residential environment. This study employed a quantitative research method with purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using the Social Support Scale and the Psychological Resilience Scale, both of which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using correlation and linear regression analysis. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between social support and psychological resilience. Social support significantly contributes to individuals’ ability to endure, adapt, and recover from stress caused by social conflict. These findings indicate that higher levels of social support are associated with higher levels of psychological resilience. This study provides theoretical and practical implications regarding the importance of strengthening social support to enhance psychological resilience among urban communities facing social conflict. Abstrak Konflik sosial merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi di masyarakat perkotaan akibat perbedaan kepentingan, nilai, dan latar belakang sosial. Kondisi tersebut menuntut individu untuk memiliki ketahanan psikologis agar mampu beradaptasi dan mengelola tekanan yang muncul. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berperan penting dalam membangun ketahanan psikologis adalah dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika dukungan sosial dan ketahanan psikologis dalam menghadapi konflik sosial pada masyarakat perkotaan. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 200 individu dewasa yang tinggal di wilayah perkotaan dan pernah mengalami konflik sosial dalam lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa Skala Dukungan Sosial dan Skala Ketahanan Psikologis yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi linear. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dan signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan ketahanan psikologis. Dukungan sosial secara signifikan berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan individu untuk bertahan, beradaptasi, dan bangkit dari tekanan akibat konflik sosial. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi dukungan sosial yang diterima individu, semakin tinggi pula tingkat ketahanan psikologisnya. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi teoritis dan praktis mengenai pentingnya penguatan dukungan sosial dalam upaya meningkatkan ketahanan psikologis masyarakat perkotaan yang menghadapi konflik sosial.References
Aaldering, H., & Böhm, R. (2020). Parochial versus universal cooperation: The role of conflict framing.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 90, 104005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104005
Arslan, G. (2018). Psychological maltreatment, emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents: The
mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 48–58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.010
Bonanno, G. A., Romero, S. A., & Klein, S. I. (2015). The temporal elements of psychological resilience.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-
Buikstra, E., Ross, H., King, C. A., Baker, P. G., & Hegney, D. (2023). The components of resilience—
Perceptions of a community. Journal of Community Psychology, 51(2), 456–472.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22863
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological
Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale. Depression and Anxiety,
(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (2017). Autonomy promotion, responsiveness, and social support. Journal
of Social and Personal Relationships, 34(7), 976–1000. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407516654455
Deutsch, M., Coleman, P. T., & Marcus, E. C. (2014). The handbook of conflict resolution (3rd ed.). JosseyBass.
Gable, S. L., & Gosnell, C. L. (2013). The positive side of close relationships. Handbook of Psychology.
Wiley.
Greer, L. L., de Jong, B. A., Schouten, M. E., & Dannals, J. E. (2018). Why and when hierarchy impacts
team effectiveness.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(6), 591–613.
https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000291
Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). Why social relationships are important for physical health. Annual Review of
Psychology, 69, 437–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902
Kaniasty, K. (2020). Social support, interpersonal, and community dynamics. American Journal of
Community Psychology, 65(1–2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12364
Luthar, S. S., Crossman, E. J., & Small, P. J. (2015). Resilience and adversity. Annual Review of Psychology,
, 247–272. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015254
Masten, A. S. (2014). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Press.
Ozbay, F., Johnson, D. C., Dimoulas, E., Morgan, C. A., Charney, D., & Southwick, S. M. (2007). Social
support and resilience. Psychiatry, 4(5), 35–40.
Putri, A. R., & Ramdhani, N. (2022). Dukungan sosial dan resiliensi pada mahasiswa. Psikobuletin: Buletin
Ilmiah Psikologi, 3(2), 85–97.
Rees, T., & Freeman, P. (2017). Social support and resilience. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(11), 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1223270
Sari, D. K., & Widiasih, R. (2021). Dukungan sosial dan resiliensi pada dewasa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan
Konseling, 10(1), 45–54.
Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2016). Health psychology (9th ed.). Wiley.
Sippel, L. M., Pietrzak, R. H., Charney, D. S., Mayes, L. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2015). Social support and
resilience. Ecology and Society, 20(4), 10. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07832-200410
Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter‐Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience
definitions and theory.
European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338.
https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
Taylor, S. E. (2011). Social support: A review. Oxford University Press.
Thoits, P. A. (2017). Mechanisms linking social ties and mental health. Journal of Health and Social
Behavior, 58(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146517692370
Ungar, M. (2018). Systemic resilience. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(4), 415–423.
https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000302
Wilks, S. E., & Spivey, C. A. (2016). Social support and resilience. Social Work Education, 29(3), 276–288.
World Health Organization. (2017). Mental health in the urban context. WHO Press.
Zautra, A. J., Hall, J. S., & Murray, K. E. (2010). Resilience. Journal of Personality, 78(2), 519–548.
Zhou, Y., Li, X., Tian, Y., & Zhang, H. (2024). Social support and psychological resilience. Frontiers in
Psychology, 15, 1330720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1330720
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). Multidimensional Scale of Perceived
Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.
