Transformasi Politik Pasca Khalifahan: Studi Atas Peran Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sofyan Dalam Pembentukan Dinasti

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the role of Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan in the formation of the Umayyad Dynasty as an important transition in Islamic politics after the Caliphate. This study utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach with library research methods that examine primary and secondary literature related to Muawiyah's reign. The main focus of this research is on the change in the governance system from the consultation-based Caliphate (syura) model to a hereditary dynasty system. Muawiyah, as the governor of Syria and a pragmatic political figure, employed clever political strategies to consolidate power and establish the first dynasty in the history of Islamic politics. This research also discusses the impact of this political change on power structures and legitimacy within the Islamic society, as well as examines the reactions of opposition groups such as the Shiites who reject the dynastic system.The findings of this research indicate that while the establishment of dynasties brings political stability, this system triggers a shift in the initial values of Islamic governance, which subsequently affects the development of Islamic political history. Thus, this study provides new insights into the fundamental changes in Islamic politics that occurred under the leadership of Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan. Political Transformation, Muawiyah, Dynastic Formation